% IMPORTANT: The following is UTF-8 encoded.  This means that in the presence
% of non-ASCII characters, it will not work with BibTeX 0.99 or older.
% Instead, you should use an up-to-date BibTeX implementation like “bibtex8” or
% “biber”.

@ARTICLE{SandhageHofmann:875154,
      author       = {Sandhage-Hofmann, Alexandra and Löffler, Jörg and Kotzé,
                      Elmarie and Weijers, Stef and Wingate, Vladimir and Wundram,
                      Dirk and Weihermüller, Lutz and Pape, Roland and du Preez,
                      Chris C. and Amelung, Wulf},
      title        = {{W}oody encroachment and related soil properties in
                      different tenure-based management systems of semiarid
                      rangelands},
      journal      = {Geoderma},
      volume       = {372},
      issn         = {0016-7061},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2020-01844},
      pages        = {114399 -},
      year         = {2020},
      abstract     = {Woody encroachment is increasingly threatening savanna
                      ecosystems, but it remains unclear how this is driven by
                      different land tenures and management systems. In South
                      Africa, communal land is mainly managed under continuous
                      grazing, while commercial land is under rotational grazing.
                      We hypothesize that woody encroachment has increased since
                      the end of the Apartheid era in 1994, when rotational
                      grazing systems in communal land switched to continuous
                      grazing. To test this hypothesis, we sampled six subsites in
                      each of three replicates of the two tenure systems in the
                      savannah biome, South Africa, and monitored the degree of
                      woody encroachment and effects on soil using remotely-sensed
                      normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI),
                      dendro-ecology, and grid-based soil analyses. The results
                      confirmed that there has been a positive greening trend over
                      the past 25 years in communal areas due to an increase in
                      woody cover, particularly for tree in the 50–150 cm height
                      class. These trees corresponded to Senegalia tree ages
                      between 10 and 25 years. Greater woody cover in communal
                      areas was accompanied by height-dependent elevated nutrient
                      and organic matter concentrations that increased in the
                      topsoils by a factor of up to 1.5, relative to the freehold
                      systems. Isotopic analyses identified debris of C3 bushes
                      and trees as main carbon input into the soil of communal
                      areas, where the δ13C value of −20.1‰ was significantly
                      lower than it was at private farms (−19.2‰). Isotopic
                      values also indicated that this carbon input took place
                      beyond the edges of the bush canopy. We conclude that the
                      tenure-based management system in the communal areas has
                      promoted woody encroachment, with the associated changes in
                      soil properties homogenizing the savanna system.},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {910},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {255 - Terrestrial Systems: From Observation to Prediction
                      (POF3-255)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-255},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000535713600014},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.geoderma.2020.114399},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/875154},
}