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@ARTICLE{Schupsky:875298,
      author       = {Schupsky, Jan Peter and Guo, Muxing and Blanpain, Bart and
                      Müller, Michael},
      title        = {{I}nvestigations on {C}rystallization {P}rocesses of
                      {T}hree {O}xidic {G}asifier {S}lag {S}ystems},
      journal      = {Journal of energy resources technology},
      volume       = {142},
      number       = {7},
      issn         = {1528-8994},
      address      = {New York, NY},
      publisher    = {ASME},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2020-01929},
      pages        = {070904},
      year         = {2020},
      abstract     = {In entrained flow gasifiers, the production of oxidic slag
                      accompanies the gasification process. This slag forms a
                      layer on the refractory walls, flows downwards
                      gravitationally, and is collected in a water quench. Hence,
                      the slag flow must be constant, since a slag blockage
                      represents a worst-case-scenario. Crystallization of the
                      slag increases slag viscosity, subsequently leading to a
                      possible slag blockage. Therefore, crystallization processes
                      in oxidic slags need to be understood and hence
                      investigated. In this study, three artificial, coal ash
                      related oxidic slag systems were analyzed on their
                      crystallization behavior. Therefore, their melt behavior was
                      investigated via hot-stage microscopy and differential
                      thermal analysis (DTA). Additional thermochemical
                      calculations were performed to predict crystallized phases.
                      Subsequently, quenching experiments were conducted to
                      generate supercooled crystallization in the slag samples.
                      These samples were analyzed afterward via X-ray diffraction
                      (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the
                      morphologies of crystals were characterized/described.
                      In-situ observations on crystallization growth were
                      performed by using a confocal laser scanning microscope
                      (CLSM). Finally, crystallized phases were compared with
                      results obtained from thermochemical calculations, and the
                      impact of kinetics on the distributed phases was discussed.
                      The knowledge on the crystallization behavior of various
                      phases can be transferred to other slag systems and can
                      improve general crystallization predictions made by
                      thermochemical calculations.},
      cin          = {IEK-2},
      ddc          = {660},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-2-20101013},
      pnm          = {113 - Methods and Concepts for Material Development
                      (POF3-113)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-113},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000549870400017},
      doi          = {10.1115/1.4046145},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/875298},
}