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@ARTICLE{Mlih:875324,
      author       = {Mlih, Rawan and Bydalek, Franciszek and Klumpp, Erwin and
                      Yaghi, Nader and Bol, Roland and Wenk, Jannis},
      title        = {{L}ight-expanded clay aggregate ({LECA}) as a substrate in
                      constructed wetlands – {A} review},
      journal      = {Ecological engineering},
      volume       = {148},
      issn         = {0925-8574},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2020-01954},
      pages        = {105783 -},
      year         = {2020},
      abstract     = {Light expanded clay aggregates (LECA) have been
                      increasingly used as substrate material for constructed
                      wetlands given their phosphate removal capacity, mechanical
                      strength, hydraulic conductivity and their plant rooting and
                      biofilm growth supporting structure. This review summarizes
                      the current literature on LECA-based constructed wetlands.
                      Removal performances for main wastewater parameters
                      phosphate, nitrogen species, suspended solids and oxygen
                      demand are tabulated. Both, physical and biological water
                      purification processes in LECA wetlands are discussed.
                      Additional emphasis is on design and layout of LECA wetlands
                      for different types of wastewater, under different climatic
                      conditions and to improve treatment performance in general.
                      LECA life cycle considerations include sourcing, production
                      energy demand, reuse and recycling options for spent wetland
                      substrates, for example as soil amendment. Research and
                      development opportunities were identified for structural and
                      compositional LECA modification to obtain tailored
                      substrates for the use in water treatment and specific
                      treatment tasks. Beyond traditional wastewater contaminants
                      the fate of a wider range of contaminants, including organic
                      trace contaminants, needs to be investigated as high Fe, Al
                      and Ca oxides content of LECA substrates provide adsorptive
                      sites that may facilitate further biological interactions of
                      compounds that are otherwise hard to degrade.},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {690},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {255 - Terrestrial Systems: From Observation to Prediction
                      (POF3-255)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-255},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000536510100005},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.ecoleng.2020.105783},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/875324},
}