% IMPORTANT: The following is UTF-8 encoded.  This means that in the presence
% of non-ASCII characters, it will not work with BibTeX 0.99 or older.
% Instead, you should use an up-to-date BibTeX implementation like “bibtex8” or
% “biber”.

@ARTICLE{Grube:875358,
      author       = {Grube, Thomas and Reul, Julian and Reuss, Markus and
                      Calnan, Sonya and Monnerie, Nathalie and Schlatmann, Rutger
                      and Sattler, Christian and Robinius, Martin and Stolten,
                      Detlef},
      title        = {{A} {T}echno-{E}conomic {P}erspective on
                      {S}olar-to-{H}ydrogen {C}oncepts through 2025},
      journal      = {Sustainable energy $\&$ fuels},
      volume       = {4},
      number       = {11},
      issn         = {2398-4902},
      address      = {Cambridge},
      publisher    = {Royal Society of Chemistry},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2020-01976},
      pages        = {5818 - 5834},
      year         = {2020},
      abstract     = {The transition towards a renewable energy-based society is
                      challenged by spatial and temporal imbalances of energy
                      demand and supply. Storage properties and versatility may
                      favor hydrogen to serve as the linking element between
                      renewable energy generation and a variety of sector coupling
                      options. This paper examines four alternative solar-based
                      hydrogen production concepts based on concentrated solar
                      (CSP) or photovoltaic (PV) power generation and solid oxide
                      (SOE) or polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) electrolysis,
                      namely, CSP-SOE and CSP-PEM, as well as PV-PEM concepts with
                      (PV-PEM I) or without (PV-PEM II) power converters coupling
                      both devices. In this paper, we analyze these concepts in
                      terms of their techno-economic performance in order to
                      determine the levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH) for the
                      target year 2025, based on different locations with
                      different climate conditions. The analysis was carried out
                      using a broadly applicable computer model based on an hourly
                      resolved time-series of temperature and irradiance. The
                      lowest LCOH was identified in the case of the CSP-SOE and
                      CSP-PEM concepts with 14–17 €-ct per kW per h at
                      high-irradiance locations, which clearly exceed the US
                      Department of Energy (DOE) target of 6 $-ct per kW per h for
                      the year 2020. Moreover, CSP-SOE also shows the highest
                      hydrogen production volumes and, therefore,
                      solar-to-hydrogen efficiencies. Considering the PV-PEM
                      concepts, we found that the application of power converters
                      for the electrical coupling of PV modules and electrolyzers
                      does not contribute to cost reduction due to the higher
                      related investment costs. A further system optimization is
                      suggested regarding the implementation of short-term energy
                      storage, which might be particularly relevant at locations
                      with higher fluctuations in power supply.},
      cin          = {IEK-3},
      ddc          = {660},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-3-20101013},
      pnm          = {134 - Electrolysis and Hydrogen (POF3-134) / ES2050 -
                      Energie Sytem 2050 (ES2050)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-134 / G:(DE-HGF)ES2050},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000582936800039},
      doi          = {10.1039/D0SE00896F},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/875358},
}