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@ARTICLE{Privitera:875364,
      author       = {Privitera, S. M. S. and Müller, Martin and Zwaygardt,
                      Walter and Carmo, Marcelo and Milazzo, R. G. and Zani, P.
                      and Leonardi, M. and Maita, F. and Canino, A. and Foti, M.
                      and Gerardi, C. and Lombardo, S. A.},
      title        = {{H}ighly efficient solar hydrogen production through the
                      use of bifacial photovoltaics and membrane electrolysis},
      journal      = {Journal of power sources},
      volume       = {473},
      issn         = {0378-7753},
      address      = {New York, NY [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2020-01982},
      pages        = {228619 -},
      year         = {2020},
      abstract     = {The large-scale implementation of solar hydrogen production
                      requires an optimal combination of photovoltaic systems with
                      suitably-designed electrochemical cells, possibly avoiding
                      power electronics for DC-DC conversion, to decrease costs.
                      Here, a stable, solar-driven water splitting system is
                      presented, obtained through the direct connection of a
                      state-of-the-art proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer
                      to a bifacial silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar module of
                      three cells in series with total area of 730 cm2. The
                      bifaciality of the solar module has been optimized through
                      modeling in terms of the number of cells, module height and
                      inclination. During outdoor operation in the standard
                      monofacial configuration, the system is able to produce 3.7
                      gr of H2 h−1m−2 with an irradiation of 1000 W m−2 and
                      a solar-to-hydrogen efficiency (STH) of $11.55\%.$ The same
                      system operating in bifacial mode gives rise to a higher H2
                      flux and STH efficiency, reaching values of 4.2 gr of H2
                      h−1m−2 and STH of $13.5\%.$ Such a noticeable difference
                      is achieved through the collection of albedo radiation from
                      the ground by the bifacial PV system. The system has been
                      tested outdoors for more than 55 h, exhibiting very good
                      endurance, with no appreciable change in production and
                      efficiency.},
      cin          = {IEK-14},
      ddc          = {620},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-14-20191129},
      pnm          = {134 - Electrolysis and Hydrogen (POF3-134)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-134},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000564508100001},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.228619},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/875364},
}