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@ARTICLE{Arnold:877258,
      author       = {Arnold, Lukas and Belt, Alexander and Schultze, Thorsten
                      and Sichma, Lea},
      title        = {{S}patiotemporal measurement of light extinction
                      coefficients in compartment fires},
      journal      = {Fire and materials},
      volume       = {45},
      number       = {8},
      issn         = {1099-1018},
      address      = {New York, NY [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Wiley},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2020-02084},
      pages        = {1075-1084},
      year         = {2021},
      abstract     = {In case of fire, the visibility plays a major role as it
                      limits the occupants’ orientation capabilities and the
                      perception of signs. These effects are determined by the
                      light extinction due to smoke or other aerosols produced in
                      fires. The presented method is based on the optical
                      observation of an array of light sources during a fire in a
                      laboratory experiment. The smoke induced into the
                      compartment leads to a drop in intensity of each individual
                      light source. This information is used to deduce the
                      extinction along the line-of-sight to the camera. Once the
                      data are captured, an automated processing is used to locate
                      the diodes on the images and determine their intensity.
                      Here, the optical image of the small diodes is assumed to
                      have a known shape, so that the optimisation algorithm is
                      capable to identify the location of the diode’s centre and
                      quantify the luminosity in a sub-pixel range. The result is
                      a time series for each diode, indicating the change of the
                      relative luminosity, w.r.t. the initial values. Finally, a
                      model for the extinction along each line-of-sight is
                      formulated. It assumes that the light extinction coefficient
                      is distributed in homogeneous layers. The number of layers
                      is a free model parameter. Given this spatial distribution
                      of the extinction coefficient and the experimental geometry,
                      each line-of-sight is impacted by a number of layers, of yet
                      unknown coefficient values. An inverse modelling approach is
                      used here to find coefficient values that match the modelled
                      line-of-sight extinction with the observed luminosity drops.
                      The final result is a time- and height-dependent
                      distribution of the light extinction coefficient during the
                      full experiment.},
      cin          = {IAS-7},
      ddc          = {690},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IAS-7-20180321},
      pnm          = {5111 - Domain-Specific Simulation $\&$ Data Life Cycle Labs
                      (SDLs) and Research Groups (POF4-511)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5111},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000534739200001},
      doi          = {10.1002/fam.2841},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/877258},
}