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@ARTICLE{Araki:877535,
      author       = {Araki, Wakako and Matsumoto, Asato and Arai, Yoshio and
                      Yamada, Noriyasu and Malzbender, Jürgen and
                      Gonzalez-Julian, Jesus},
      title        = {{L}ifetime estimation of {C}r2{A}l{C} {MAX} phase foam
                      based on long-term oxidation and fracture mechanisms},
      journal      = {Materialia},
      volume       = {12},
      issn         = {2589-1529},
      address      = {Amsterdam},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2020-02271},
      pages        = {100718 -},
      year         = {2020},
      abstract     = {Oxidation kinetics and mechanical behaviours of Cr2AlC foam
                      with a porosity of 53 $vol.\%$ were investigated.
                      Microstructures of Cr2AlC foams oxidised in the temperature
                      range 1173 to 1473 K for times between 0 and 100 h were
                      examined. Uniaxial compression tests were performed at
                      different temperatures in the range 298–1398 K to assess
                      mechanical properties. The oxidation formed cohesive Al2O3
                      layers on the Cr2AlC matrix, beneath which porous Cr7C3 was
                      formed. The oxidation kinetics can be expressed by a
                      parabolic law. An excessive oxidation took place first in
                      thin struts, where a breakage Al2O3 layer occurred, followed
                      by an oxygen inflow and decomposition of inner material. At
                      298 K, non-oxidised Cr2AlC foam fracured intergranularly.
                      Slight oxidation improved compressive strength, as the Al2O3
                      layer (2.5 µm or thinner) can prevent cracks to propagate
                      from inside outward. However, an excessive oxidation
                      deteriorated any improvement due to the breakage of Al2O3
                      layer in thin struts followed by the material decomposition.
                      At 1273 K and 1398 K, non-oxidised porous Cr2AlC fractured
                      intergranularly, accompanied by a plastic deformation around
                      small Al2O3 particles segregated at grain boundaries.
                      Oxidised Cr2AlC foams with the Al2O3 thickness of 2.5 µm
                      had a slightly higher brittle-to-plastic transition
                      temperature (~1273 K) than dense Cr2AlC. A thicker Al2O3
                      layer (~5 µm) was required to reinforce the material due to
                      inferior mechanical properties of Cr2AlC at high
                      temperatures. On the basis of the elucidated oxidation and
                      fracture mechanisms, a safety criterion for high-temperature
                      applications was suggested.},
      cin          = {IEK-1 / IEK-2},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-1-20101013 / I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-2-20101013},
      pnm          = {113 - Methods and Concepts for Material Development
                      (POF3-113)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-113},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000559331000003},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.mtla.2020.100718},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/877535},
}