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@ARTICLE{Kbbing:877541,
      author       = {Köbbing, Sebastian and Blank, Lars M. and Wierckx, Nick},
      title        = {{C}haracterization of {C}ontext-{D}ependent {E}ffects on
                      {S}ynthetic {P}romoters},
      journal      = {Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology},
      volume       = {8},
      issn         = {2296-4185},
      address      = {Lausanne},
      publisher    = {Frontiers Media},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2020-02277},
      pages        = {551},
      year         = {2020},
      note         = {Biotechnologie 1},
      abstract     = {Understanding the composability of genetic elements is
                      central to synthetic biology. Even for seemingly well-known
                      elements such as a sigma 70 promoter the genetic
                      context-dependent variability of promoter activity remains
                      poorly understood. The lack of understanding of sequence to
                      function results in highly limited de novo design of novel
                      genetic element combinations. To address this issue, we
                      characterized in detail concatenated “stacked” synthetic
                      promoters including varying spacer sequence lengths and
                      compared the transcription strength to the output of the
                      individual promoters. The proxy for promoter activity, the
                      msfGFP synthesis from stacked promoters was consistently
                      lower than expected from the sum of the activities of the
                      single promoters. While the spacer sequence itself had no
                      activity, it drastically affected promoter activities when
                      placed up- or downstream of a promoter. Single
                      promoter-spacer combinations revealed a bivalent effect on
                      msfGFP synthesis. By systematic analysis of promoter and
                      spacer combinations, a semi-empirical correlation was
                      developed to determine the combined activity of stacked
                      promoters.},
      cin          = {IBG-1},
      ddc          = {570},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-1-20101118},
      pnm          = {581 - Biotechnology (POF3-581)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-581},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:32596224},
      UT           = {WOS:000543816700001},
      doi          = {10.3389/fbioe.2020.00551},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/877541},
}