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@PHDTHESIS{Zhang:877603,
      author       = {Zhang, Shidong},
      title        = {{M}odeling and {S}imulation of {P}olymer {E}lectrolyte
                      {F}uel {C}ells},
      volume       = {493},
      school       = {RWTH Aachen},
      type         = {Dissertation},
      address      = {Jülich},
      publisher    = {Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Zentralbibliothek, Verlag},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2020-02318},
      isbn         = {978-3-95806-472-0},
      series       = {Schriften des Forschungszentrums Jülich Reihe Energie $\&$
                      Umwelt / Energy $\&$ Environment},
      pages        = {4, xii, 214 S.},
      year         = {2020},
      note         = {RWTH Aachen, Diss., 2019},
      abstract     = {Polymer electrolyte fuel cells are efficient and clean
                      devices that convert chemical energy directly into
                      electricity. Great attention has been received during the
                      past decade on experimental and numerical studies.
                      Comprehensive experimental investigations of fuel cells are
                      still very expensive and challenging considering various
                      parameters in fuel cell operations, designs, and
                      optimizations. The numerical procedure provides an
                      alternative way for fuel cell analysis. With the development
                      of computational power, e.g. high performance computing
                      facility, the limitation of numerical applications on the
                      analysis of PEFCs is decreasing. The numerical method may
                      serve as an easy and fast tool nowadays. The major transport
                      phenomena involved in PEFCs includes fluid flow, heat and
                      mass transfer, species and charge transfer, electrochemical
                      reaction. Numerical models need to take some or all of the
                      major physical processes into account. Therefore, in the
                      present study, two PEFC models are developed and implemented
                      into an open-source library OpenFOAM$^{®}$, which allows
                      large scale parallel calculations. These models, a detailed
                      model and a homogeneous model, consider cell-level and
                      stack-level applications. The detailed model is based on the
                      conventional computational fluid dynamics, whereas the
                      homogeneous model is derived from the detailed model and
                      appliesa distributed resistance analogy. Both models enable
                      simulations concerning three-dimensional, single-phase and
                      two-phase, multi-region, multiphysics, and nonisothermal
                      situations. An Eulerian-Eulerian approach is applied to
                      describe two-phase flow. Both models are numerically
                      verified and experimentally validated viafin-house designed
                      HT-PEFCs and LT-PEFCs, including prototypes with nominal
                      active area of (4.2 X 4.2) 16 cm$^{2}$ and (11.2 X 19) 200
                      cm$^{2}$. The detailed and homogeneous models are applied on
                      both HT-PEFCs and LTPEFCs respectively: 1. The local
                      variations of current density and gas mole fractions are
                      large in fuel cells with serpentine ow paths. The serpentine
                      flow path leads to higher pressure drop, however,
                      contributes to better reactants redistribution and higher
                      local current density. 2. The homogeneous model is compared
                      with a previously developed detailed model with good
                      agreement. Simulation results are presented; both models
                      provide finer scale results than experimental measurements.
                      3. The catalyst layer cracks and MEA failure are numerically
                      simulated via the detailed model. Cracks present slight
                      effects on cell performance, however, significant on local
                      values. The MEA failure is found resulted from the high
                      local temperature and/or mechanical damage. 4. A LT-PEFC is
                      simulated via the homogeneous model. The results are also
                      presented. Therefore, the present models are ready to be
                      applied in other PEFC designs.},
      cin          = {IEK-14},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-14-20191129},
      pnm          = {135 - Fuel Cells (POF3-135)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-135},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)3 / PUB:(DE-HGF)11},
      urn          = {urn:nbn:de:0001-2020072229},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/877603},
}