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@ARTICLE{Meys:877629,
      author       = {Meys, Raoul and Kätelhön, Arne and Bardow, André},
      title        = {{T}owards sustainable elastomers from {CO} 2 : life cycle
                      assessment of carbon capture and utilization for rubbers},
      journal      = {Green chemistry},
      volume       = {21},
      number       = {12},
      issn         = {1463-9270},
      address      = {Cambridge},
      publisher    = {RSC},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2020-02344},
      pages        = {3334 - 3342},
      year         = {2019},
      abstract     = {Elastomers have been recently proposed to integrate CO2 as
                      carbon feedstock. These elastomers are produced by reacting
                      carbon dioxide with propylene oxide and maleic anhydride.
                      The resulting cross-linkable polyether carbonate polyols can
                      be combined with isocyanates to form a novel class of
                      polymers: CO2-based rubbers. These CO2-based rubbers are
                      able to substitute conventional rubbers in synthetic
                      elastomer products, such as sealants or flexible tubes. In
                      this work, we present the first Life Cycle Assessment for
                      CO2-based rubbers. To compare CO2-based and conventional
                      rubbers our assessment considers all relevant life cycle
                      stages from cradle-to-grave. The production system of
                      CO2-based rubbers encompasses a nearby ammonia plant as a
                      CO2 source, the conversion of CO2 to polyols, the reaction
                      of polyols with isocyanates and finally, the incineration of
                      CO2-based rubbers. Our analysis shows that CO2-based rubbers
                      containing approx. $20\%$ wt. CO2 have a global warming
                      impact of 4.93 kg CO2-eq. Thus, CO2-based rubbers are no
                      carbon sink. However, CO2-based rubbers reduce global
                      warming impact by up to $34\%$ if they substitute, for
                      example, hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber on an equal
                      mass basis. Fossil resource depletion is reduced by up to
                      $33\%.$ In contrast, other impact categories like ionizing
                      radiation are increased by the utilization of CO2-based
                      rubbers in some cases. Thus, our study indicates that
                      CO2-based rubbers provide a promising pathway to reduce
                      global warming impact and fossil resource depletion.
                      However, it is likely that some other environmental impact
                      categories such as ionizing radiation and freshwater
                      eutrophication are increased.},
      cin          = {IEK-10},
      ddc          = {540},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-10-20170217},
      pnm          = {899 - ohne Topic (POF3-899)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-899},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000471798100009},
      doi          = {10.1039/C9GC00267G},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/877629},
}