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@ARTICLE{Sun:877712,
      author       = {Sun, Yajie and Amelung, Wulf and Gudmundsson, Thorstein and
                      Wu, Bei and Bol, Roland},
      title        = {{C}ritical accumulation of fertilizer-derived uranium in
                      {I}celandic grassland {A}ndosol},
      journal      = {Environmental sciences Europe},
      volume       = {32},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {0934-3504},
      address      = {Heidelberg},
      publisher    = {Springer},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2020-02415},
      pages        = {92},
      year         = {2020},
      abstract     = {Long-term phosphorus (P) fertilizer application can lead to
                      an accumulation of uranium (U) in agricultural soil,
                      potentially posing risks on the environment and human
                      health. In this study, we found that such risks could be
                      severe in two long-term grasslands (Andosol) in Iceland
                      (Sámstaðir and Geitasandur) after about 50 years of P
                      fertilization. At Sámstaðir, where P fertilizers were
                      applied at an annual rate of 39.3 kg ha−1 year−1, the
                      soil U concentration increased from 0.65 mg kg−1 in the
                      unfertilized soil to 6.9 mg kg−1 in the fertilized surface
                      soil (0–5 cm). At Geitasandur with P fertilization rate at
                      78.6 kg ha−1 year−1, the soil U concentration reached 15
                      mg kg−1. The average annual U accumulation rates were 130
                      and 310 µg kg−1 year−1, respectively. These values were
                      larger, by up to a factor of ten, than any previously
                      reported rates of fertilizer-derived U accumulation.
                      However, the U concentration in one of the applied P
                      fertilizers was 95 mg U kg−1 fertilizer, similar to the
                      median value of those reported in previous studies, and thus
                      unlikely to be the only factor leading to the high U
                      accumulation rates. By contrast, as our Andosols had low
                      bulk density within a range of 0.2 to 0.5 g cm−3, the
                      annual U inputs to the 0–5 cm soil were 19 g ha−1
                      year−1 and 32 g ha−1 year−1 at the two sites,
                      respectively, within the range of to-date reported values in
                      agricultural systems. In addition, we found that U was
                      mostly retained in the surface soil rather than mobilizing
                      to deeper soil. This was likely due to the fact that the
                      Andosols were rich in organic matter which promoted U
                      retention. Therefore, the observed high U accumulation rates
                      were a result of the combination of (i) the large amounts of
                      the applied P fertilizers and (ii) the soil properties of
                      the Andosols with low bulk density and elevated organic
                      matter content concentrating U in the upper surface soil.
                      Our study shows that agricultural production systems on
                      Andosols may have already suffered from severe U
                      contamination due to P fertilization. We are therefore
                      calling for future checks and regulations on P
                      fertilizer-related soil U accumulation in these and certain
                      comparable agroecosystems.},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {255 - Terrestrial Systems: From Observation to Prediction
                      (POF3-255)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-255},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000546773500001},
      doi          = {10.1186/s12302-020-00367-w},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/877712},
}