000877722 001__ 877722 000877722 005__ 20210130005228.0 000877722 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b02036 000877722 0247_ $$2ISSN$$a1530-6984 000877722 0247_ $$2ISSN$$a1530-6992 000877722 0247_ $$2altmetric$$aaltmetric:32768028 000877722 0247_ $$2pmid$$apmid:29989827 000877722 0247_ $$2Handle$$a2128/25351 000877722 0247_ $$2WOS$$aWOS:000441478300070 000877722 037__ $$aFZJ-2020-02423 000877722 082__ $$a660 000877722 1001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aVerbiest, Gerard J.$$b0 000877722 245__ $$aDetecting Ultrasound Vibrations with Graphene Resonators 000877722 260__ $$aWashington, DC$$bACS Publ.$$c2018 000877722 3367_ $$2DRIVER$$aarticle 000877722 3367_ $$2DataCite$$aOutput Types/Journal article 000877722 3367_ $$0PUB:(DE-HGF)16$$2PUB:(DE-HGF)$$aJournal Article$$bjournal$$mjournal$$s1593172630_8813 000877722 3367_ $$2BibTeX$$aARTICLE 000877722 3367_ $$2ORCID$$aJOURNAL_ARTICLE 000877722 3367_ $$00$$2EndNote$$aJournal Article 000877722 520__ $$aUltrasound detection is one of the most-important nondestructive subsurface characterization tools for materials, the goal of which is to laterally resolve the subsurface structure with nanometer or even atomic resolution. In recent years, graphene resonators have attracted attention for their use in loudspeakers and ultrasound radios, showing their potential for realizing communication systems with air-carried ultrasound. Here, we show a graphene resonator that detects ultrasound vibrations propagating through the substrate on which it was fabricated. We ultimately achieve a resolution of ∼7 pm/ in ultrasound amplitude at frequencies up to 100 MHz. Thanks to an extremely high nonlinearity in the mechanical restoring force, the resonance frequency itself can also be used for ultrasound detection. We observe a shift of 120 kHz at a resonance frequency of 65 MHz for an induced vibration amplitude of 100 pm with a resolution of 25 pm. Remarkably, the nonlinearity also explains the generally observed asymmetry in the resonance frequency tuning of the resonator when it is pulled upon with an electrostatic gate. This work puts forward a sensor design that fits onto an atomic force microscope cantilever and therefore promises direct ultrasound detection at the nanoscale for nondestructive subsurface characterization. 000877722 536__ $$0G:(DE-HGF)POF3-521$$a521 - Controlling Electron Charge-Based Phenomena (POF3-521)$$cPOF3-521$$fPOF III$$x0 000877722 588__ $$aDataset connected to CrossRef 000877722 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aKirchhof, Jan N.$$b1 000877722 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)167238$$aSonntag, Jens$$b2$$ufzj 000877722 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aGoldsche, Matthias$$b3 000877722 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aKhodkov, Tymofiy$$b4 000877722 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)180322$$aStampfer, Christoph$$b5$$eCorresponding author$$ufzj 000877722 773__ $$0PERI:(DE-600)2048866-X$$a10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b02036$$gVol. 18, no. 8, p. 5132 - 5137$$n8$$p5132 - 5137$$tNano letters$$v18$$x1530-6992$$y2018 000877722 8564_ $$uhttps://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/877722/files/acs.nanolett.8b02036.pdf 000877722 8564_ $$uhttps://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/877722/files/1802.01906.pdf$$yPublished on 2018-07-10. 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