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@ARTICLE{Jaegermann:877850,
      author       = {Jaegermann, Wolfram and Kaiser, Bernhard and Finger,
                      Friedhelm and Smirnov, Vladimir and Schäfer, Rolf},
      title        = {{D}esign {C}onsiderations of {E}fficient
                      {P}hoto-{E}lectrosynthetic {C}ells and its {R}ealization
                      {U}sing {B}uried {J}unction {S}i {T}hin {F}ilm {M}ulti
                      {A}bsorber {C}ells},
      journal      = {Zeitschrift für physikalische Chemie},
      volume       = {234},
      number       = {4},
      issn         = {2196-7156},
      address      = {Berlin},
      publisher    = {DeGruyter},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2020-02474},
      pages        = {549 - 604},
      year         = {2020},
      abstract     = {As is obvious from previous work on semiconductor
                      photoelectrochemistry, single junction semiconductors do not
                      provide either the required maximum photovoltage or a high
                      photocurrent for solar water splitting, which is required
                      for efficient stand-alone devices. From these experiences we
                      conclude, that multi-junction devices must be developed for
                      bias-free water splitting. In this article we present our
                      design considerations needed for the development of
                      efficient photo-electro-synthetic cells, which have guided
                      us during the DFG priority program 1613. At first, we
                      discuss the fundamental requirements, which must be
                      fulfilled to lead to effective solar water splitting
                      devices. Buried junction and photoelectrochemical
                      arrangements are compared. It will become clear, that the
                      photovoltaic (PV) and electrochemical (EC) components can be
                      optimized separately, but that maximized conversion
                      efficiencies need photovoltages produced in the photovoltaic
                      part of the device, which are adapted to the electrochemical
                      performance of the electrolyzer components without energetic
                      losses in their coupling across the involved interfaces.
                      Therefore, in part 2 we will present the needs to develop
                      appropriate interface engineering layers for proper chemical
                      and electronic surface passivation. In addition, highly
                      efficient electrocatalysts, either for the hydrogen or
                      oxygen evolution reaction (HER, OER), must be adjusted in
                      their energetic coupling to the semiconductor band edges and
                      to the redox potentials in the electrolyte with minimized
                      losses in the chemical potentials. The third part of our
                      paper describes at first the demands and achievements on
                      developing multijunction thin-film silicon solar cells. With
                      different arrangements of silicon stacks a wide range of
                      photovoltages and photocurrents can be provided. These solar
                      cells are applied as photocathodes in integrated directly
                      coupled PV-EC devices. For this purpose thin Pt and Ni
                      catalyst layers are used on top of the solar cells for the
                      HER and a wire connected RuO2 counter electrode is used for
                      the OER. Electrochemical stability has been successfully
                      tested for up to 10,000 s in 0.1 M KOH. Furthermore, we will
                      illustrate our experimental results on interface engineering
                      strategies using TiO2 as buffer layer and Pt nanostructures
                      as HER catalyst. Based on the obtained results the observed
                      improvements, but also the still given limitations, can be
                      related to clearly identified non-idealities in surface
                      engineering either related to recombination losses at the
                      semiconductor surface reducing photocurrents or due to not
                      properly-aligned energy states leading to potential losses
                      across the interfaces.},
      cin          = {IEK-5},
      ddc          = {540},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-5-20101013},
      pnm          = {121 - Solar cells of the next generation (POF3-121)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-121},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000528279600002},
      doi          = {10.1515/zpch-2019-1584},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/877850},
}