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@ARTICLE{Kohl:877956,
      author       = {Kohl, Simon H. and Mehler, David M. A. and Lührs, Michael
                      and Thibault, Robert T. and Konrad, Kerstin and Sorger,
                      Bettina},
      title        = {{T}he {P}otential of {F}unctional {N}ear-{I}nfrared
                      {S}pectroscopy-{B}ased {N}eurofeedback—{A} {S}ystematic
                      {R}eview and {R}ecommendations for {B}est {P}ractice},
      journal      = {Frontiers in neuroscience},
      volume       = {14},
      issn         = {1662-453X},
      address      = {Lausanne},
      publisher    = {Frontiers Research Foundation},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2020-02535},
      pages        = {594},
      year         = {2020},
      abstract     = {Background: The effects of electroencephalography (EEG) and
                      functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)-neurofeedback
                      on brain activation and behaviors have been studied
                      extensively in the past. More recently, researchers have
                      begun to investigate the effects of functional near-infrared
                      spectroscopy-based neurofeedback (fNIRS-neurofeedback).
                      FNIRS is a functional neuroimaging technique based on brain
                      hemodynamics, which is easy to use, portable, inexpensive,
                      and has reduced sensitivity to movement artifacts.Method: We
                      provide the first systematic review and database of
                      fNIRS-neurofeedback studies, synthesizing findings from 22
                      peer-reviewed studies (including a total of N=441
                      participants; 337 healthy, 104 patients). We (1) give a
                      comprehensive overview of how fNIRS-neurofeedback training
                      protocols were implemented, (2) review the online
                      signal-processing methods used, (3) evaluate the quality of
                      studies using pre-set methodological and reporting quality
                      criteria and also present statistical sensitivity/power
                      analyses, (4) investigate the effectiveness of
                      fNIRS-neurofeedback in modulating brain activation, and (5)
                      review its effectiveness in changing behavior in healthy and
                      pathological populations.Results and discussion: (1-2)
                      Published studies are heterogeneous (e.g., neurofeedback
                      targets, investigated populations, applied training
                      protocols, and methods). (3) Large randomized controlled
                      trials are still lacking. In view of the novelty of the
                      field, the quality of the published studies is moderate. We
                      identified room for improvement in reporting important
                      information and statistical power to detect realistic
                      effects. (4) Several studies show that people can regulate
                      hemodynamic signals from cortical brain regions with
                      fNIRS-neurofeedback and (5) these studies indicate the
                      feasibility of modulating motor control and prefrontal brain
                      functioning in healthy participants and ameliorating
                      symptoms in clinical populations (stroke, ADHD, autism, and
                      social anxiety). However, valid conclusions about
                      specificity or potential clinical utility are
                      premature.Conclusion: Due to the advantages of
                      practicability and relatively low cost, fNIRS-neurofeedback
                      might provide a suitable and powerful alternative to EEG and
                      fMRI neurofeedback and has great potential for clinical
                      translation of neurofeedback. Together with more rigorous
                      research and reporting practices, further methodological
                      improvements may lead to a more solid understanding of
                      fNIRS-neurofeedback. Future research will benefit from
                      exploiting the advantages of fNIRS, which offers unique
                      opportunities for neurofeedback research.},
      cin          = {INM-11},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)INM-11-20170113},
      pnm          = {899 - ohne Topic (POF3-899)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-899},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {32848528},
      UT           = {WOS:000558856700001},
      doi          = {10.3389/fnins.2020.00594},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/877956},
}