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@PHDTHESIS{Haase:877961,
      author       = {Haase, Christian},
      title        = {{O}ptics of {N}anostructured {T}hin-{F}ilm {S}ilicon
                      {S}olar {C}ells},
      volume       = {85},
      school       = {Universität Bremen},
      type         = {Dissertation},
      address      = {Jülich},
      publisher    = {Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Zentralbibliothek, Verlag},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2020-02538},
      isbn         = {978-3-89336-671-2},
      series       = {Schriften des Forschungszentrums Jülich Energie $\&$
                      Umwelt / Energy $\&$ Environment},
      pages        = {150 S.},
      year         = {2010},
      note         = {Dissertation, Universität Bremen, 2010},
      abstract     = {A solar cell is an optoelectronic device that converts
                      light energy into electrical energy.This is based on the
                      photovoltaic effect that was first investigated by Becquerel
                      in 1837. Inthe Bell Laboratories the first solar cell was
                      made in 1953 by Chapin, Fuller and Pearson. Thefirst
                      commercial interest in solar cells was the power supply of
                      satellites. In the meantimemany solar cell concepts have
                      been developed [1-2]. At the moment the world market
                      forsolar cells is dominated by crystalline solar cells [3].
                      Today several thin-film cell conceptsbased on amorphous
                      silicon (a-Si:H), cadmium telluride (CdTe) and copper /
                      indium / gallium/ (di)selenide (CIGS: Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)) are
                      going into commercial production as the thin-filmsolar cell
                      technology is already providing similar or even lower costs
                      per watt peak than thestandard crystalline silicon solar
                      cell [4-7]. The steep “learning curve” for
                      thin-filmtechnologies is expected to bring the production
                      costs down even below 1 €/W(peak). Thiswould lead to the
                      grid parity, the point at which photovoltaic electricity is
                      equal to or cheaperthan grid power. Photovoltaic production
                      has been doubling every two years, increasing by anaverage
                      of ~ 50 percent per year since 2002, making it the world’s
                      fastest-growing energytechnology. Until today cumulative
                      global installations have reached 15200 megawatts. Foran
                      unlimited growth of productions capacities of thin-film
                      solar cells the absorber materialamorphous silicon plays a
                      special role in contrast to CdTe or CIGS cells as it is not
                      volumelimited like telluride or indium or toxic like cadmium
                      [6]. A short energy payback time ofabout 1 year of the
                      energy needed for the solar cell production has been reached
                      for thin-filmsilicon modules [8]. Advantages under non ideal
                      conditions like higher outdoor temperaturesor a high amount
                      of non direct sun light lead to a plus of produced
                      electricity per installedwatt (peak) for thin-film silicon
                      in comparison to crystalline silicon modules [4]. The
                      energyconversion efficiency of thin-film silicon solar cell
                      modules is today mainly below 10 $\%$ andthus about half of
                      the efficiency of crystalline silicon modules. The main
                      reason is the use ofvery thin (and thus cheaper) silicon
                      absorber layers with a total thickness of ~ 2 μm
                      incomparison to an absorber thickness of ~ 200 μm for
                      crystalline silicon cells. This leads to alower absorption
                      of photons and less current is generated in the thin-film
                      silicon solar cell. Asthe features of a thin-film solar cell
                      are in the micrometer and sub-micrometer range
                      newpreparation methods and analysis techniques, so called
                      nanotechnologies, are necessary. Therealization of
                      nanooptics with standard concepts is inhibited by the
                      Abbe-limit. Innanostructures, like noble metal nano
                      particles or nanogratings, high intensity
                      electromagneticfields have been found very close to the
                      structures. First explanations with strong [...]},
      cin          = {PRE-2000 ; Retrocat / IEF-5},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)PRE2000-20140101 / I:(DE-Juel1)VDB813},
      pnm          = {899 - ohne Topic (POF3-899)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-899},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)3 / PUB:(DE-HGF)11},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/877961},
}