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@ARTICLE{Llandro:878263,
      author       = {Llandro, Justin and Love, David M. and Kovács, András and
                      Caron, Jan and Vyas, Kunal N. and Kákay, Attila and
                      Salikhov, Ruslan and Lenz, Kilian and Fassbender, Jürgen
                      and Scherer, Maik R. J. and Cimorra, Christian and Steiner,
                      Ullrich and Barnes, Crispin H. W. and Dunin-Borkowski, Rafal
                      E. and Fukami, Shunsuke and Ohno, Hideo},
      title        = {{V}isualizing {M}agnetic {S}tructure in 3{D} {N}anoscale
                      {N}i–{F}e {G}yroid {N}etworks},
      journal      = {Nano letters},
      volume       = {20},
      number       = {5},
      issn         = {1530-6992},
      address      = {Washington, DC},
      publisher    = {ACS Publ.},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2020-02732},
      pages        = {3642 - 3650},
      year         = {2020},
      abstract     = {Arrays of interacting 2D nanomagnets display unprecedented
                      electromagnetic properties via collective effects,
                      demonstrated in artificial spin ices and magnonic crystals.
                      Progress toward 3D magnetic metamaterials is hampered by two
                      challenges: fabricating 3D structures near intrinsic
                      magnetic length scales (sub-100 nm) and visualizing their
                      magnetic configurations. Here, we fabricate and measure
                      nanoscale magnetic gyroids, periodic chiral networks
                      comprising nanowire-like struts forming three-connected
                      vertices. Via block copolymer templating, we produce
                      Ni75Fe25 single-gyroid and double-gyroid (an inversion pair
                      of single-gyroids) nanostructures with a 42 nm unit cell and
                      11 nm diameter struts, comparable to the exchange length in
                      Ni–Fe. We visualize their magnetization distributions via
                      off-axis electron holography with nanometer spatial
                      resolution and interpret the patterns using finite-element
                      micromagnetic simulations. Our results suggest an intricate,
                      frustrated remanent state which is ferromagnetic but without
                      a unique equilibrium configuration, opening new
                      possibilities for collective phenomena in magnetism,
                      including 3D magnonic crystals and unconventional
                      computing.},
      cin          = {ER-C-1},
      ddc          = {660},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)ER-C-1-20170209},
      pnm          = {143 - Controlling Configuration-Based Phenomena (POF3-143)
                      / 3D MAGiC - Three-dimensional magnetization textures:
                      Discovery and control on the nanoscale (856538) / IMAGINE -
                      Imaging Magnetism in Nanostructures using Electron
                      Holography (320832)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-143 / G:(EU-Grant)856538 /
                      G:(EU-Grant)320832},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:32250635},
      UT           = {WOS:000535255300092},
      doi          = {10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c00578},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/878263},
}