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@ARTICLE{Mirabello:878326,
      author       = {Mirabello, Giulia and Keizer, Arthur and Bomans, Paul H. H.
                      and Kovács, András and Dunin-Borkowski, Rafal E. and
                      Sommerdijk, Nico A. J. M. and Friedrich, Heiner},
      title        = {{U}nderstanding the {F}ormation {M}echanism of {M}agnetic
                      {M}esocrystals with ({C}ryo-){E}lectron {M}icroscopy},
      journal      = {Chemistry of materials},
      volume       = {31},
      number       = {18},
      issn         = {1520-5002},
      address      = {Washington, DC},
      publisher    = {American Chemical Society},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2020-02778},
      pages        = {7320 - 7328},
      year         = {2019},
      abstract     = {Magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoaggregates with a flower-like
                      morphology are considered promising materials in the field
                      of magnetically induced hyperthermia in cancer therapy due
                      to their good heating efficiency at low applied alternating
                      magnetic fields. Although the structure and the magnetic
                      state of such flower-like aggregates have been investigated
                      previously, the mechanism that leads to the hierarchical
                      morphology is still poorly understood. Here, we study the
                      formation mechanism of Fe3O4 aggregates synthesized through
                      the partial oxidation of ferrous hydroxide in the presence
                      of poly(acrylic acid) by using cryogenic electron
                      microscopy. The aggregates are formed through a multistep
                      process involving first the conversion of ferrous hydroxide
                      precursors in ∼5 nm primary particles that aggregate into
                      ∼10 nm primary Fe3O4 crystals that finally arrange into
                      the secondary mesocrystal structure. High-resolution
                      electron tomography is used to show that the Fe3O4
                      mesocrystals are composed of ∼10 nm subunits, often
                      showing a uniform crystallographic orientation resulting in
                      single-crystal-like diffraction patterns. Furthermore,
                      electron holography reveals that mesocrystals have a single
                      magnetic domain despite polymeric interfaces between
                      subunits being present throughout the mesocrystal. Our
                      findings could be used to design materials with specific
                      properties by modulating the morphology and/or magnetic
                      state that is suitable for biomedical application.},
      cin          = {ER-C-1 / PGI-5},
      ddc          = {540},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)ER-C-1-20170209 / I:(DE-Juel1)PGI-5-20110106},
      pnm          = {143 - Controlling Configuration-Based Phenomena (POF3-143)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-143},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000487859200024},
      doi          = {10.1021/acs.chemmater.9b01836},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/878326},
}