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@ARTICLE{Coletti:878349,
      author       = {Coletti, G. and Luxembourg, S. L. and Geerligs, L. J. and
                      Rosca, V. and Burgers, A. R. and Wu, Y. and Okel, L. and
                      Kloos, M. and Danzl, F. J. K. and Najafi, M. and Zhang, D.
                      and Dogan, I. and Zardetto, V. and Di Giacomo, F. and Kroon,
                      J. and Aernouts, T. and Hüpkes, J. and Burgess, C. H. and
                      Creatore, M. and Andriessen, R. and Veenstra, S.},
      title        = {{B}ifacial {F}our-{T}erminal {P}erovskite/{S}ilicon
                      {T}andem {S}olar {C}ells and {M}odules},
      journal      = {ACS energy letters},
      volume       = {5},
      number       = {5},
      issn         = {2380-8195},
      address      = {Washington, DC},
      publisher    = {American Chemical Society},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2020-02796},
      pages        = {1676 - 1680},
      year         = {2020},
      abstract     = {Ten years after the first paper(1) on the properties of
                      metal halide perovskite solar cells, their efficiency and
                      stability have increased tremendously.(2) It was quickly
                      realized that their application goes beyond the
                      single-junction use. Indeed, perovskite cell technology, by
                      virtue of its tunable bandgap and low sub-bandgap
                      absorption, offers new opportunities for stacking solar
                      cells of different bandgap in a multijunction device to
                      overcome the fundamental Shockley–Queisser (SQ) efficiency
                      limit of a single-junction device. Under AM1.5 irradiation,
                      this limit is $33.7\%$ for the optimal bandgap, and for
                      perovskite with a normally somewhat higher bandgap of 1.55
                      eV it drops to $31\%.(3,4)$ It is not expected that
                      perovskite will exceed $26\%$ single-junction efficiency.(5)
                      For crystalline silicon solar cells (c-Si), including Auger
                      recombination, the theoretical SQ limit is $29.4\%.(6,7)$
                      Currently, single-junction silicon solar cells reached an
                      efficiency in the lab of $26.7\%;(8,9)$ while in mass
                      production, solar cells are produced with efficiencies up to
                      about $25\%,(10)$ with main stream efficiencies of about
                      $22\%.$ The latter have been increasing by $0.4\%/year,$ and
                      this trend is expected to continue for a number of years,
                      but it will likely become overly costly to go beyond
                      $24–25\%.$ This efficiency increase has contributed
                      significantly to the steep learning rate, which is the
                      average reduction of Si PV module selling price for every
                      doubling of cumulative shipment, of $39.8\%(11)$ that has
                      been experienced since 2006. Although the manufacturing cost
                      reduction also plays a major role, we expect that when the
                      practical efficiency limits are being approached, the
                      silicon PV industry will not be able anymore to maintain
                      such a learning rate. Aside from module price, the further
                      PV system costs (like installation) to a large extent depend
                      on area and are reduced per unit of power output simply by
                      higher module efficiency. It is because of the possibility
                      that it can help overcome both these performance and cost
                      limitations that metal halide perovskite-on-silicon tandem
                      devices have been under development since 2015(12) and today
                      lead to power conversion efficiencies of over
                      $29\%.(13,14)$},
      cin          = {IEK-5},
      ddc          = {333.7},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-5-20101013},
      pnm          = {121 - Solar cells of the next generation (POF3-121)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-121},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000535176100039},
      doi          = {10.1021/acsenergylett.0c00682},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/878349},
}