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@ARTICLE{Morgenthaler:878592,
      author       = {Morgenthaler, Simon and Ball, Christopher and Koj, Jan
                      Christian and Kuckshinrichs, Wilhelm and Witthaut, Dirk},
      title        = {{S}ite-dependent levelized cost assessment for fully
                      renewable {P}ower-to-{M}ethane systems},
      journal      = {Energy conversion and management},
      volume       = {223},
      issn         = {0196-8904},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2020-02930},
      pages        = {113150 -},
      year         = {2020},
      abstract     = {The generation of synthetic natural gas from renewable
                      electricity enables long-term energy storage and provides
                      clean fuels for transportation. In this article, we review
                      the economic challenges for synthetic natural gas and
                      introduce a high-resolution optimization model for
                      decentralized Power-to-Methane plants. The model optimizes
                      both the system layout and its operation including renewable
                      power generation. The optimization yields the levelized
                      costs per kWh of synthetic natural gas. We find that costs
                      vary between 0.24 and 0.30 €/kWh depending on the local
                      availability of renewable energy resources. The optimum
                      renewable generation mix typically features much more wind
                      than solar power, and the use of battery electric storage
                      systems has only minor effects on levelized costs. We
                      further discuss how the economic competitiveness of
                      Power-to-Methane systems can be improved by the technical
                      developments and by the use of co-products, such as oxygen
                      and curtailed electricity.},
      cin          = {IEK-STE},
      ddc          = {620},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-STE-20101013},
      pnm          = {153 - Assessment of Energy Systems – Addressing Issues of
                      Energy Efficiency and Energy Security (POF3-153) / P2X -
                      Power-To-X (POWER-2-X-2016) / VH-NG-1025 - Helmholtz Young
                      Investigators Group "Efficiency, Emergence and Economics of
                      future supply networks" $(VH-NG-1025_20112014)$},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-153 / G:(DE-Juel1)POWER-2-X-2016 /
                      $G:(HGF)VH-NG-1025_20112014$},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000580034200001},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.enconman.2020.113150},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/878592},
}