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@ARTICLE{DeBauw:878667,
      author       = {De Bauw, Pieterjan and Mai, Trung Hieu and Schnepf, Andrea
                      and Merckx, Roel and Smolders, Erik and Vanderborght, Jan},
      title        = {{A} functional–structural model of upland rice root
                      systems reveals the importance of laterals and growing root
                      tips for phosphate uptake from wet and dry soils},
      journal      = {Annals of botany},
      volume       = {126},
      number       = {4},
      issn         = {1095-8290},
      address      = {Oxford},
      publisher    = {Oxford University Press},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2020-02988},
      pages        = {789–806},
      year         = {2020},
      abstract     = {Background and AimsUpland rice is often grown where water
                      and phosphorus (P) are limited. To better understand the
                      interaction between water and P availability,
                      functional–structural models that mechanistically
                      represent small-scale nutrient gradients and water dynamics
                      in the rhizosphere are needed.MethodsRice was grown in large
                      columns using a P-deficient soil at three P supplies in the
                      topsoil (deficient, sub-optimal and non-limiting) in
                      combination with two water regimes (field capacity vs.
                      drying periods). Root system characteristics, such as nodal
                      root number, lateral types, interbranch distance, root
                      diameters and the distribution of biomass with depth, as
                      well as water and P uptake, were measured. Based on the
                      observed root data, 3-D root systems were reconstructed by
                      calibrating the structural architecure model CRootBox for
                      each scenario. Water flow and P transport in the soil to
                      each of the individual root segments of the generated 3-D
                      root architectures were simulated using a multiscale flow
                      and transport model. Total water and P uptake were then
                      computed by adding up the uptake by all the root
                      segments.Key ResultsMeasurements showed that root
                      architecture was significantly affected by the treatments.
                      The moist, high P scenario had 2.8 times the root mass,
                      double the number of nodal roots and more S-type laterals
                      than the dry, low P scenario. Likewise, measured plant P
                      uptake increased >3-fold by increasing P and water supply.
                      However, drying periods reduced P uptake at high but not at
                      low P supply. Simulation results adequately predicted P
                      uptake in all scenarios when the Michaelis–Menten constant
                      (Km) was corrected for diffusion limitation. They showed
                      that the key drivers for P uptake are the different types of
                      laterals (i.e. S- and L-type) and growing root tips. The
                      L-type laterals become more important for overall water and
                      P uptake than the S-type laterals in the dry scenarios. This
                      is true across all the P treatments, but the effect is more
                      pronounced as the P availability decreases.ConclusionsThis
                      functional–structural model can predict the function of
                      specific rice roots in terms of P and water uptake under
                      different P and water supplies, when the structure of the
                      root system is known. A future challenge is to predict how
                      the structure root systems responds to nutrient and water
                      availability.},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {580},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {255 - Terrestrial Systems: From Observation to Prediction
                      (POF3-255)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-255},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:32597468},
      UT           = {WOS:000591847300020},
      doi          = {10.1093/aob/mcaa120},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/878667},
}