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@ARTICLE{VilGueraudeArellano:878692,
      author       = {Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, Jordi and Ney, Patrizia and
                      Hartogensis, Oscar and de Boer, Hugo and van Diepen, Kevin
                      and Emin, Dzhaner and de Groot, Geiske and Klosterhalfen,
                      Anne and Langensiepen, Matthias and Matveeva, Maria and
                      Miranda-García, Gabriela and Moene, Arnold F. and Rascher,
                      Uwe and Röckmann, Thomas and Adnew, Getachew and
                      Brüggemann, Nicolas and Rothfuss, Youri and Graf,
                      Alexander},
      title        = {{C}loud{R}oots: integration of advanced instrumental
                      techniques and process modelling of sub-hourly and
                      sub-kilometre land–atmosphere interactions},
      journal      = {Biogeosciences},
      volume       = {17},
      number       = {17},
      issn         = {1726-4189},
      address      = {Katlenburg-Lindau [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Copernicus},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2020-03010},
      pages        = {4375 - 4404},
      year         = {2020},
      abstract     = {The CloudRoots field experiment was designed to obtain a
                      comprehensive observational dataset that includes soil,
                      plant, and atmospheric variables to investigate the
                      interaction between a heterogeneous land surface and its
                      overlying atmospheric boundary layer at the sub-hourly and
                      sub-kilometre scale. Our findings demonstrate the need to
                      include measurements at leaf level to better understand the
                      relations between stomatal aperture and evapotranspiration
                      (ET) during the growing season at the diurnal scale. Based
                      on these observations, we obtain accurate parameters for the
                      mechanistic representation of photosynthesis and stomatal
                      aperture. Once the new parameters are implemented, the model
                      reproduces the stomatal leaf conductance and the leaf-level
                      photosynthesis satisfactorily. At the canopy scale, we find
                      a consistent diurnal pattern on the contributions of plant
                      transpiration and soil evaporation using different
                      measurement techniques. From highly resolved vertical
                      profile measurements of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other state
                      variables, we infer a profile of the CO2 assimilation in the
                      canopy with non-linear variations with height. Observations
                      taken with a laser scintillometer allow us to quantify the
                      non-steadiness of the surface turbulent fluxes during the
                      rapid changes driven by perturbation of photosynthetically
                      active radiation by cloud flecks. More specifically, we find
                      2 min delays between the cloud radiation perturbation and
                      ET. To study the relevance of advection and surface
                      heterogeneity for the land–atmosphere interaction, we
                      employ a coupled surface–atmospheric conceptual model that
                      integrates the surface and upper-air observations made at
                      different scales from leaf to the landscape. At the
                      landscape scale, we calculate a composite sensible heat flux
                      by weighting measured fluxes with two different land use
                      categories, which is consistent with the diurnal evolution
                      of the boundary layer depth. Using sun-induced fluorescence
                      measurements, we also quantify the spatial variability of ET
                      and find large variations at the sub-kilometre scale around
                      the CloudRoots site. Our study shows that throughout the
                      entire growing season, the wide variations in stomatal
                      opening and photosynthesis lead to large diurnal variations
                      of plant transpiration at the leaf, plant, canopy, and
                      landscape scales. Integrating different advanced
                      instrumental techniques with modelling also enables us to
                      determine variations of ET that depend on the scale where
                      the measurement were taken and on the plant growing stage.},
      cin          = {IBG-3 / IBG-2},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118 / I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-2-20101118},
      pnm          = {255 - Terrestrial Systems: From Observation to Prediction
                      (POF3-255) / DFG project 15232683 - TRR 32: Muster und
                      Strukturen in Boden-Pflanzen-Atmosphären-Systemen:
                      Erfassung, Modellierung und Datenassimilation (15232683) /
                      IDAS-GHG - Instrumental and Data-driven Approaches to
                      Source-Partitioning of Greenhouse Gas Fluxes: Comparison,
                      Combination, Advancement (BMBF-01LN1313A)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-255 / G:(GEPRIS)15232683 /
                      G:(DE-Juel1)BMBF-01LN1313A},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000566779200001},
      doi          = {10.5194/bg-17-4375-2020},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/878692},
}