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@ARTICLE{Stojakowits:878788,
      author       = {Stojakowits, Philipp and Mayr, Christoph and Lücke,
                      Andreas and Wissel, Holger and Hedenäs, Lars and Lempe,
                      Bernhard and Friedmann, Arne and Diersche, Volker},
      title        = {{I}mpact of climatic extremes on {A}lpine ecosystems during
                      {MIS} 3},
      journal      = {Quaternary science reviews},
      volume       = {239},
      issn         = {0277-3791},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2020-03042},
      pages        = {106333 -},
      year         = {2020},
      abstract     = {The effects of climatic extremes on Alpine ecosystems, such
                      as in the last glacial period, are poorly understood. The
                      recently discovered Nesseltalgraben site is currently the
                      best dated and most complete high-resolution sedimentary
                      sequence in the northern Alps covering the Marine Isotope
                      Stage (MIS) 3 around 59-28 calibrated kiloyears before
                      present (ka cal BP). The MIS 3 is a period with frequent
                      climatic fluctuations known as Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles or
                      Greenland interstadials-stadials. Here, we present pollen
                      assemblages, bryophyte macrofossils, and stable isotopes
                      (δ2H, δ13C, δ18O) from the Nesseltalgraben to elucidate
                      palaeoenvironments and palaeoclimatic variability during
                      that period. In addition to bulk sedimentary cellulose, also
                      cellulose extracted from fossil wood, monocots, and
                      bryophytes was analysed isotopically. Among the terrestrial
                      pollen, Poaceae and arboreal pollen show an antithetic
                      behaviour reflecting interstadial-stadial variations.
                      Arboreal pollen are dominated by Pinus sylvestris-type, with
                      admixtures of Picea, Betula, Alnus, and Salix. The arboreal
                      pollen record exhibits several maxima indicating milder
                      climatic conditions tentatively assigned to Greenland
                      interstadials 17–14, 12/11, 8, and 6. During Heinrich
                      events 5 and 4, the arboreal pollen record shows distinct
                      minima underlining a severe impact of these events on
                      regional climate and vegetation. Bryophyte assemblages show
                      predominant wetland conditions at the site during the entire
                      MIS 3. The sudden occurrence of the bryophyte Drepanocladus
                      turgescens after 31.6 ka cal BP indicates a change from a
                      fen to a frequently drying wetland environment. This habitat
                      change is presumably linked to enhanced glaciofluvial action
                      caused by glaciers approaching the site. Carbon, hydrogen,
                      and oxygen stable isotope records of bulk sedimentary
                      cellulose exhibit comparably stable conditions from 59 until
                      52 ka cal BP and increased values around 51 ka cal BP
                      followed by a period of almost absent cellulose until 39 ka
                      cal BP. Thereafter, and lasting until 30 ka cal BP, bulk
                      sedimentary cellulose isotope records (δ2H, δ13C, and
                      δ18O) reveal strongly fluctuating values. These isotope
                      variations are interpreted as variable mixtures between
                      terrestrial lignified plants and monocots on the one, and
                      wetland bryophyte sources on the other hand. A strong
                      negative isotope excursion in the bulk sedimentary and the
                      bryophyte cellulose records around 36.4 ka cal BP is
                      contemporaneous with maximum Cyperaceae pollen and best
                      explained by progressively waterlogged soils due to
                      permafrost. The rise in the bryophyte δ18O record
                      thereafter, accompanied by likewise increasing δ13C values,
                      most likely indicates an enhanced evaporation of source
                      waters.},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {255 - Terrestrial Systems: From Observation to Prediction
                      (POF3-255)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-255},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000541126600003},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106333},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/878788},
}