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100 1 _ |a Murrey, Tucker L.
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245 _ _ |a Investigation of Hierarchical Structure Formation in Merocyanine Photovoltaics
260 _ _ |a Washington, DC
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520 _ _ |a Merocyanines (MCs) are a versatile class of small-molecule dyes. Their optoelectronic properties are easily tunable by chemically controlling their donor–acceptor strength, and their structural properties can be tuned by simple side-chain substitution. This manuscript demonstrates a novel series of MCs featuring an indoline donor with varying hydrocarbon side-chain length (from 6 to 12 carbons) and a tert-butyl-thiazole acceptor, labeled InTBT. Bulk heterojunction organic photovoltaics are fabricated with a [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) acceptor and characterized. Films composed of I8TBT:PCBM and I9TBT:PCBM produced the highest power conversion efficiency of 4.5%, which suggests that the morphology is optimized by controlling the side-chain length. Hierarchical structure formation in InTBT:PCBM films is studied using grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD), small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). When mixed with PCBM, InTBTs with ≤8 side-chain carbons form pure crystalline domains, while InTBTs with ≥9 side-chain carbons mix well with PCBM. SANS demonstrates that increasing side-chain length increases the InTBT-rich domain size. In addition, a branched hexyl–dodecyl side-chain IHDTBT:PCBM film was studied and found to exhibit the worst-performance organic photovoltaic (OPV) device. The large-branched side chain inhibited mixing between IHDTBT and PCBM resulting in large segregated phases.
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700 1 _ |a Hertel, Dirk
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700 1 _ |a Nowak, Julian
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700 1 _ |a Bruker, Ruth
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700 1 _ |a Limböck, Thorsten
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700 1 _ |a Neudörfl, Jörg
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700 1 _ |a Rüth, Stephanie
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700 1 _ |a Schelter, Jürgen
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700 1 _ |a Olthof, Selina
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700 1 _ |a Radulescu, Aurel
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700 1 _ |a Moulé, Adam J.
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700 1 _ |a Meerholz, Klaus
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773 _ _ |a 10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c04988
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