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@ARTICLE{Pozzer:884240,
      author       = {Pozzer, Andrea and Schultz, Martin G. and Helmig, Detlev},
      title        = {{I}mpact of {U}.{S}. {O}il and {N}atural {G}as {E}mission
                      {I}ncreases on {S}urface {O}zone {I}s {M}ost {P}ronounced in
                      the {C}entral {U}nited {S}tates},
      journal      = {Environmental science $\&$ technology},
      volume       = {54},
      number       = {19},
      issn         = {0013-936X},
      address      = {Columbus, Ohio},
      publisher    = {American Chemical Society},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2020-03139},
      pages        = {12423–12433},
      year         = {2020},
      abstract     = {Observations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from a
                      surface sampling network and simulation results from the
                      EMAC (ECHAM5/MESSy for Atmospheric Chemistry) model were
                      analyzed to assess the impact of increased emissions of VOCs
                      and nitrogen oxides from U.S. oil and natural gas $(O\&NG)$
                      sources on air quality. In the first step, the VOC
                      observations were used to optimize the magnitude and
                      distribution of atmospheric ethane and higher-alkane VOC
                      emissions in the model inventory for the base year 2009.
                      Observation-based increases of the emissions of VOCs and NOx
                      stemming from U.S. oil and natural gas $(O\&NG)$ sources
                      during 2009–2014 were then added to the model, and a set
                      of sensitivity runs was conducted for assessing the
                      influence of the increased emissions on summer surface ozone
                      levels. For the year 2014, the added $O\&NG$ emissions are
                      predicted to affect surface ozone across a large
                      geographical scale in the United States. These emissions are
                      responsible for an increased number of days when the
                      averaged 8-h ozone values exceed 70 ppb, with the highest
                      sensitivity being in the central and midwestern United
                      States, where most of the $O\&NG$ growth has occurred. These
                      findings demonstrate that $O\&NG$ emissions significantly
                      affect the air quality across most of the United States, can
                      regionally offset reductions of ozone precursor emissions
                      made in other sectors, and can have a determining influence
                      on a region’s ability to meet National Ambient Air Quality
                      Standard (NAAQS) obligations for ozone.},
      cin          = {JSC},
      ddc          = {333.7},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)JSC-20090406},
      pnm          = {512 - Data-Intensive Science and Federated Computing
                      (POF3-512) / Earth System Data Exploration (ESDE)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-512 / G:(DE-Juel-1)ESDE},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:32902267},
      UT           = {WOS:000580444600080},
      doi          = {10.1021/acs.est.9b06983},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/884240},
}