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| 100 | 1 | _ | |a Zhao, Yue |0 0000-0001-5100-9230 |b 0 |e Corresponding author |
| 245 | _ | _ | |a A long side chain imidazolium-based graft-type anion-exchange membrane: novel electrolyte and alkaline-durable properties and structural elucidation using SANS contrast variation |
| 260 | _ | _ | |a London |c 2020 |b Royal Soc. of Chemistry |
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| 520 | _ | _ | |a Newly designed styrylimidazolium-based grafted anion-exchange membranes (StIm-AEMs), in which imidazolium ionic groups are attached to styrene at the far side from the graft chains, were prepared by radiation-induced graft polymerization of p-(2-imidazoliumyl) styrene onto poly(ethylene-co-tetrafluoloethylene) (ETFE) films, followed by N-alkylation and ion-exchange reactions. StIm-AEM having an ion exchange capacity (IEC) of 0.54 mmol g−1 with a grafting degree (GD) of ∼18%, possesses practical conductivity (>50 mS cm−1) even with a very low water uptake (∼10%) and high stability over 600 h in a 1 M KOH solution at 80 °C. There exists a critical IEC (IECc) in the range of 0.7–0.8 mmol g−1 over which the membrane showed high water uptake, which resulted in pronounced susceptibility to hydrolysis. Using small-angle neutron scattering technique with a contrast variation method, we found the hydrophilic phase in StIm-AEMs with IECs lower and higher than IECc shows “reverse-micelles” with water domains dispersed in the polymer matrix and “micelles” with graft polymer aggregates dispersed in the water matrix, respectively. The further analysis of micelle structures using the hard-sphere liquid model and Porod limit analysis reveals that the interfacial structures of ionic groups are essential for the electrochemical properties and durability of StIm-AEMs. In addition, StIm-AEM with an IEC of 0.95 mmol g−1 and the maximum power density of 80 mW cm−2 in the hydrazine hydrate fuel cell test, exhibited long-term durability under constant current (8.0 mA) up to 455 h, which, thus far, is the best durability at 80 °C for platinum-free alkaline-type liquid fuel cells. |
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| 700 | 1 | _ | |a Yoshimura, Kimio |0 P:(DE-HGF)0 |b 1 |
| 700 | 1 | _ | |a Mahmoud, Ahmed Mohamed Ahmed |0 0000-0003-2108-0612 |b 2 |
| 700 | 1 | _ | |a Yu, Hwan-Chul |0 P:(DE-HGF)0 |b 3 |
| 700 | 1 | _ | |a Okushima, Shun |0 P:(DE-HGF)0 |b 4 |
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| 700 | 1 | _ | |a Yamaguchi, Susumu |0 P:(DE-HGF)0 |b 8 |
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| 700 | 1 | _ | |a Maekawa, Yasunari |0 P:(DE-HGF)0 |b 13 |e Corresponding author |
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| 856 | 4 | _ | |u https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/884247/files/SM-ART-05-2020-000947.R1_Proof_hi-accepted.pdf |y Published on 2020-07-29. Available in OpenAccess from 2021-07-29. |
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