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@ARTICLE{Krmer:884278,
      author       = {Krämer, Martina and Rolf, Christian and Spelten, Nicole
                      and Afchine, Armin and Fahey, David and Jensen, Eric and
                      Khaykin, Sergey and Kuhn, Thomas and Lawson, Paul and Lykov,
                      Alexey and Pan, Laura L. and Riese, Martin and Rollins,
                      Andrew and Stroh, Fred and Thornberry, Troy and Wolf,
                      Veronika and Woods, Sarah and Spichtinger, Peter and Quaas,
                      Johannes and Sourdeval, Odran},
      title        = {{A} {M}icrophysics {G}uide to {C}irrus – {P}art {II}:
                      {C}limatologies of {C}louds and {H}umidity from
                      {O}bservations},
      journal      = {Atmospheric chemistry and physics / Discussions},
      volume       = {},
      issn         = {1680-7367},
      address      = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
      publisher    = {EGU},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2020-03170},
      pages        = {2020-40},
      year         = {2020},
      abstract     = {This study presents airborne in-situ and satellite remote
                      sensing climatologies of cirrus clouds and humidity. The
                      climatologies serve as a guide to the properties of cirrus
                      clouds, with the new in-situ data base providing detailed
                      insights into boreal mid-latitudes and the tropics, while
                      the satellite-borne data set offers a global overview. To
                      this end, an extensive, quality checked data archive, the
                      Cirrus Guide II in-situ data base, is created from airborne
                      in-situ measurements during 150 flights in 24 campaigns. The
                      archive contains meteorological parameters, IWC, Nice, Rice,
                      RHice and H2O for each of the flights (IWC: ice water
                      content, Nice: number concentration of ice crystals, Rice:
                      ice crystal mean mass radius, RHice: relative humidity with
                      respect to ice, H2O: water vapor mixing ratio). Depending on
                      the specific parameter, the data base has extended by about
                      a factor of 5–10 compared to the previous studies of
                      Schiller et al. (2008), JGR, and Krämer et al. (2009), ACP.
                      One result of our investigations is, that across all
                      latitudes, the thicker liquid origin cirrus predominate at
                      lower altitudes, while at higher altitudes the thinner
                      in-situ cirrus prevail. Further, exemplary investigations of
                      the radiative characteristics of in-situ and liquid origin
                      cirrus show that the in-situ origin cirrus only slightly
                      warm the atmosphere, while liquid origin cirrus have a
                      strong cooling effect. An important step in completing the
                      Cirrus Guide II is the provision of the global cirrus Nice
                      climatology, derived by means of the retrieval algorithm
                      DARDAR-Nice from ten years of cirrus remote sensing
                      observations from satellite. The in-situ data base has been
                      used to evaluate and adjust the satellite observations. We
                      found that the global median Nice from satellite
                      observations is almost two times higher than the in-situ
                      median and increases slightly with decreasing temperature.
                      Nice medians of the most frequentl occuring cirrus sorted by
                      geographical regions are highest in the tropics, followed by
                      austral/boreal mid-latitudes, Antarctica and the Arctic.
                      Since the satellite climatologies enclose the entire spatial
                      and temporal Nice occurrence, we could deduce that half of
                      the cirrus are located in the lowest, warmest cirrus layer
                      and contain a significant amount of liquid origin cirrus. A
                      specific highlight of the study is the in-situ observations
                      of tropical tropopause layer (TTL) cirrus and humidity in
                      the Asian monsoon anticyclone and the comparison to the
                      surrounding tropics. In the convectively very active Asian
                      monsoon, peak values of Nice and IWC of 30 ppmv and 1000
                      ppmv are detected around the cold point tropopause (CPT).
                      Above the CPT, ice particles that are convectively injected
                      can locally add a significant amount of water available for
                      exchange with the stratosphere. We found IWCs of up to 8
                      ppmv in the Asian monsoon in comparison to only 2 ppmv in
                      the surrounding tropics. Also, the highest RHice inside of
                      the clouds as well as in clear sky (120–150 $\%)$ are
                      observed around and above the CPT. We attribute this to the
                      high amount of H2O (3–5 ppmv) in comparison to 1.5–3
                      ppmv in other tropical regions. The supersaturations above
                      the CPT suggest that the water exchange with the
                      stratosphere is 10–20 $\%$ higher than expected in regions
                      of weak convective activity and up to about 50 $\%$ in the
                      Asian monsoon.},
      cin          = {IEK-7},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-7-20101013},
      pnm          = {244 - Composition and dynamics of the upper troposphere and
                      middle atmosphere (POF3-244)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-244},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      doi          = {10.5194/acp-2020-40},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/884278},
}