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@PHDTHESIS{Welter:884788,
      author       = {Welter, Katharina},
      title        = {{S}olar driven water electrolysis based on silicon solar
                      cells and earth-abundant catalysts},
      volume       = {508},
      school       = {TU Darmstadt},
      type         = {Dr.},
      address      = {Jülich},
      publisher    = {Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Zentralbibliothek, Verlag},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2020-03250},
      isbn         = {978-3-95806-495-9},
      series       = {Schriften des Forschungszentrums Jülich. Reihe Energie
                      $\&$ Umwelt / Energy $\&$ Environment},
      pages        = {iv, 165 S.},
      year         = {2020},
      note         = {TU Darmstadt, Diss., 2020},
      abstract     = {In the present work “proof of concept” upscaling steps
                      were taken for a PV-EC device of 100 cm$^{2}$ substrate
                      size. The active thin film silicon solar cell area was
                      increased to 64 cm$^{2}$, while earth-abundant nickel based
                      catalysts were scaled up by a factor of 100 to electrode
                      areas of 50.3 cm$^{2}$. Implementing the thin film
                      siliconsolar cell into the PV-EC device in combination with
                      the earth-abundant catalysts yielded a solar-to-hydrogen
                      efficiency of 5.1 \%, which is significantly improved
                      compared to a PV-EC device based on nickel electrodes. It is
                      shown that noble metal catalysts can be replaced by
                      earth-abundant materials without performance losses. The
                      long-term stable operation of the scaled up PV-EC devices is
                      ensured by the use of metal sheet electrodes serving as
                      substrate for the catalyst deposition. Regarding the
                      catalyst stability, an excellent performance over 4 days
                      under day-night-cycling was found for the earth-abundant
                      nickel based system. Furthermore, the characterization of
                      integrated PV-EC devices was expanded to illumination
                      conditions similar to those obtained outdoors. All
                      components used in water splitting devices are usually
                      optimized under standard test conditions in the laboratory,
                      which only represent one set of a wide range of possible
                      outdoor operating conditions. For a combined PV-EC system
                      the generation of hydrogen will only occur for output
                      voltages above a certain value (thermodynamic potential +
                      overpotential losses). This means, any illumination
                      conditions shifting the illuminated current-voltage curve of
                      the coupled system such that the voltage at the operating
                      point is too low, will switch the system off. The influence
                      of the operating temperature has been investigated prior to
                      the present work, but studies concerning other possible
                      illumination conditions were missing and therefore
                      investigated in the present work. Additionally, a first
                      estimation of the annual hydrogen output is given to compare
                      devices based on different multi-junction cells and
                      employing different catalyst systems for spectral data
                      reported in literature.},
      cin          = {IEK-5},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-5-20101013},
      pnm          = {121 - Solar cells of the next generation (POF3-121)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-121},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)3 / PUB:(DE-HGF)11},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/884788},
}