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@ARTICLE{Ordonez:8851,
      author       = {Ordonez, C. and Elguindi, N. and Stein, O. and Huijnen, V.
                      and Flemming, J. and Inness, A. and Flentje, H. and
                      Katragkou, E. and Moinat, P. and Peuch, V.-H. and Segers, A.
                      and Thouret, V. and Athier, G. and van Weele, M. and
                      Zerefos, C.S. and Cammas, J.-P. and Schultz, M. G.},
      title        = {{G}lobal model simulations of air pollution during the 2003
                      {E}uropean heat wave},
      journal      = {Atmospheric chemistry and physics},
      volume       = {10},
      issn         = {1680-7316},
      address      = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
      publisher    = {EGU},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-8851},
      pages        = {789 - 815},
      year         = {2010},
      note         = {GEMS was funded by the European Commission under the EU
                      Sixth Research Framework Programme, contract number
                      SIP4-CT-2004-516099. The authors acknowledge the strong
                      support of the European Commission, Airbus and airlines -
                      Lufthansa, Air France, Austrian and former Sabena - to the
                      MOZAIC program. We also thank the EMEP and GAW programs for
                      the careful work done in obtaining the surface data used in
                      this study. We are indebted to the initiator and coordinator
                      of the GEMS project, Anthony Hollingsworth, who sadly passed
                      away on 29 July 2007.},
      abstract     = {Three global Chemistry Transport Models - MOZART, MOCAGE,
                      and TM5 - as well as MOZART coupled to the IFS
                      meteorological model including assimilation of ozone (O-3)
                      and carbon monoxide (CO) satellite column retrievals, have
                      been compared to surface measurements and MOZAIC vertical
                      profiles in the troposphere over Western/Central Europe for
                      summer 2003. The models reproduce the meteorological
                      features and enhancement of pollution during the period 2-14
                      August, but not fully the ozone and CO mixing ratios
                      measured during that episode. Modified normalised mean
                      biases are around $-25\%$ (except similar to $5\%$ for
                      MOCAGE) in the case of ozone and from $-80\%$ to $-30\%$ for
                      CO in the boundary layer above Frankfurt. The coupling and
                      assimilation of CO columns from MOPITT overcomes some of the
                      deficiencies in the treatment of transport, chemistry and
                      emissions in MOZART, reducing the negative biases to around
                      $20\%.$ The high reactivity and small dry deposition
                      velocities in MOCAGE seem to be responsible for the
                      overestimation of O-3 in this model. Results from
                      sensitivity simulations indicate that an increase of the
                      horizontal resolution to around 1 degrees x1 degrees and
                      potential uncertainties in European anthropogenic emissions
                      or in long-range transport of pollution cannot completely
                      account for the underestimation of CO and O-3 found for most
                      models. A process-oriented TM5 sensitivity simulation where
                      soil wetness was reduced results in a decrease in dry
                      deposition fluxes and a subsequent ozone increase larger
                      than the ozone changes due to the previous sensitivity runs.
                      However this latest simulation still underestimates ozone
                      during the heat wave and overestimates it outside that
                      period. Most probably, a combination of the mentioned
                      factors together with underrepresented biogenic emissions in
                      the models, uncertainties in the modelling of
                      vertical/horizontal transport processes in the proximity of
                      the boundary layer as well as limitations of the chemistry
                      schemes are responsible for the underestimation of ozone
                      (overestimation in the case of MOCAGE) and CO found in the
                      models during this extreme pollution event.},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {ICG-2},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB791},
      pnm          = {Atmosphäre und Klima},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK406},
      shelfmark    = {Meteorology $\&$ Atmospheric Sciences},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000273954200032},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/8851},
}