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@ARTICLE{Kullmann:885479,
      author       = {Kullmann, Stephanie and Abbas, Zaheer and Machann, Jürgen
                      and Shah, Nadim J. and Scheffler, Klaus and Birkenfeld,
                      Andreas L. and Häring, Hans‐Ulrich and Fritsche, Andreas
                      and Heni, Martin and Preissl, Hubert},
      title        = {{I}nvestigating obesity‐associated brain inflammation
                      using quantitative water content mapping},
      journal      = {Journal of neuroendocrinology},
      volume       = {32},
      number       = {12},
      issn         = {1365-2826},
      address      = {Oxford [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Wiley-Blackwell},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2020-03862},
      pages        = {e12907},
      year         = {2020},
      abstract     = {There is growing evidence that obesity is associated with
                      inflammation in the brain, which could contribute to the
                      pathogenesis of obesity. In humans, it is challenging to
                      detect brain inflammation in vivo. Recently, quantitative
                      magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI) has emerged as a tool for
                      characterising pathophysiological processes in the brain
                      with reliable and reproducible measures. Proton density
                      imaging provides quantitative assessment of the brain water
                      content, which is affected in different pathologies,
                      including inflammation. We enrolled 115 normal weight,
                      overweight and obese men and women (body mass index [BMI]
                      range 20.1‐39.7 kg m‐2, age range 20‐75 years, $60\%$
                      men) to acquire cerebral water content mapping in vivo using
                      MRI at 3 Tesla. We investigated potential associations
                      between brain water content with anthropometric measures of
                      obesity, body fat distribution and whole‐body metabolism.
                      No global changes in water content were associated with
                      obesity. However, higher water content values in the
                      cerebellum, limbic lobe and sub‐lobular region were
                      detected in participants with higher BMI, independent of
                      age. More specifically, the dorsal striatum, hypothalamus,
                      thalamus, fornix, anterior limb of the internal capsule and
                      posterior thalamic radiation showed the strongest
                      relationship with BMI, independent of age. In a subgroup
                      with available measurements (n = 50), we identified visceral
                      adipose tissue to be the strongest tested link between
                      higher water content values and obesity. Individuals with
                      metabolic syndrome had the highest water content values in
                      the hypothalamus and the fornix. There is accumulating
                      evidence that inflammation of the hypothalamus contributed
                      to obesity‐associated insulin resistance in that area.
                      Whether brain inflammation is a cause or consequence of
                      obesity in humans still needs to be investigated using a
                      longitudinal study design. Using qMRI, we were able to
                      detect marked water content changes in young and older obese
                      adults, which is most likely the result of chronic
                      low‐grade inflammation.},
      cin          = {INM-4 / INM-11 / JARA-BRAIN},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)INM-4-20090406 / I:(DE-Juel1)INM-11-20170113 /
                      I:(DE-Juel1)VDB1046},
      pnm          = {573 - Neuroimaging (POF3-573)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-573},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {33025697},
      UT           = {WOS:000575320900001},
      doi          = {10.1111/jne.12907},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/885479},
}