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@ARTICLE{Surup:885649,
      author       = {Surup, Gerrit Ralf and Nielsen, Henrik Kofoed and
                      Großarth, Marius and Deike, Rüdiger and Van den Bulcke,
                      Jan and Kibleur, Pierre and Müller, Michael and Ziegner,
                      Mirko and Yazhenskikh, Elena and Beloshapkin, Sergey and
                      Leahy, James J. and Trubetskaya, Anna},
      title        = {{E}ffect of operating conditions and feedstock composition
                      on the properties of manganese oxide or quartz charcoal
                      pellets for the use in ferroalloy industries},
      journal      = {Energy},
      volume       = {193},
      issn         = {0360-5442},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2020-03980},
      pages        = {116736 -},
      year         = {2020},
      abstract     = {This study investigates the effect of heat treatment
                      temperature on the properties of charcoal composite pellets
                      used for the reduction of ferroalloys. The heavy fraction of
                      biooil was used as a binder for the charcoal ore pellet
                      preparation. The effect of heat treatment temperature on the
                      pellet shrinkage was related to the degree of reduction
                      which varied with feedstock and ore composition. The results
                      showed that the size and shape of the charcoal pellets were
                      not affected by the biooil devolatilization. Manganese
                      charcoal pellets showed higher electrical resistance during
                      pyrolysis, whereas the structure, composition and electrical
                      resistance of silica composite pellets remained unaffected
                      by heat treatment temperatures 1650 °C. However, the
                      secondary heat treatment decreased the CO2 gasification
                      reactivity and electrical resistivity of charcoal composite
                      pellets. In addition, the findings of this work demonstrate
                      the potential for using biooil as a binder for the charcoal
                      composite pellets used in ferroalloy industries. The
                      composite pellets are suitable to pre-reduce the manganese
                      ore in the low temperature zones of an industrial furnace,
                      and the charcoal pellets can be used as an alternative bed
                      material. However, the high CO2 reactivity may create
                      challenges during the direct replacement of metallurgical
                      coke with the bio-reductants.},
      cin          = {IEK-2},
      ddc          = {600},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-2-20101013},
      pnm          = {113 - Methods and Concepts for Material Development
                      (POF3-113)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-113},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000518699000084},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.energy.2019.116736},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/885649},
}