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@ARTICLE{Piotrowski:885817,
      author       = {Piotrowski, Joseph and Huisman, Johan Alexander and
                      Nachshon, Uri and Pohlmeier, Andreas and Vereecken, Harry},
      title        = {{G}as {P}ermeability of {S}alt {C}rusts {F}ormed by
                      {E}vaporation from {P}orous {M}edia},
      journal      = {Geosciences},
      volume       = {10},
      number       = {11},
      issn         = {2076-3263},
      address      = {Basel},
      publisher    = {MDPI},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2020-04108},
      pages        = {423 -},
      year         = {2020},
      abstract     = {Soil salinization in irrigated croplands is a key factor in
                      soil degradation and directly affects plant growth and soil
                      hydrological processes such as evaporation and infiltration.
                      In order to support the development of appropriate
                      irrigation strategies, it is important to understand the
                      impact of salt crusts that form during evaporation from
                      saline soils on water flow. The determination of the
                      effective hydraulic properties of salt crusts that control
                      evaporation is still a challenge due to the lack of suitable
                      measurement techniques. In this study, we propose an
                      approach using gas flow to determine the permeability of
                      salt crusts obtained from evaporation of unsaturated saline
                      solutions of three different salt types and investigate the
                      impact of the crust permeability on evaporation. For this,
                      sand columns saturated with initial solutions of sodium
                      chloride (NaCl), magnesium sulfate (MgSO4), and sodium
                      sulfate (Na2SO4) at concentrations corresponding to $33\%$
                      of the solubility limit were prepared and allowed to
                      evaporate in order to induce crust formation. The results
                      demonstrated that the intrinsic permeability of the dry salt
                      crusts was similar for the different types of salts
                      (≈4×10−12m2), whereas the evaporation of the prepared
                      columns differed significantly. We conclude that the
                      intrinsic crust permeability only partly explains the impact
                      of the crust on evaporation. Other effective crust
                      properties such as porosity or unsaturated hydraulic
                      properties may provide additional information on how
                      evaporation is affected by salt crust formation.},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {255 - Terrestrial Systems: From Observation to Prediction
                      (POF3-255) / DFG project 327154368 - SFB 1313:
                      Grenzflächenbeeinflusste Mehrfeldprozesse in porösen
                      Medien - Strömung, Transport und Deformation},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-255 / G:(GEPRIS)327154368},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000593272400001},
      doi          = {10.3390/geosciences10110423},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/885817},
}