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@ARTICLE{Willsch:885866,
      author       = {Willsch, Madita and Willsch, Dennis and Jin, Fengping and
                      De Raedt, Hans and Michielsen, Kristel},
      title        = {{R}eal-time simulation of flux qubits used for quantum
                      annealing},
      journal      = {Physical review / A},
      volume       = {101},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {2469-9926},
      address      = {Woodbury, NY},
      publisher    = {Inst.},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2020-04142},
      pages        = {012327},
      year         = {2020},
      abstract     = {The real-time flux dynamics of up to three superconducting
                      quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) are studied by
                      numerically solving the time-dependent Schrödinger
                      equation. The numerical results are used to scrutinize the
                      mapping of the flux degrees of freedom onto two-level
                      systems (the qubits) as well as the performance of the
                      intermediate SQUID as a tunable coupling element. It is
                      shown that the qubit representation yields a good
                      description of the flux dynamics during quantum annealing
                      and the presence of the tunable coupling element does not
                      have negative effects on the overall performance.
                      Additionally, data obtained from a simulation of the
                      dynamics of two-level systems during quantum annealing are
                      compared to experimental data produced by the D-Wave 2000Q
                      quantum annealer. The effects of finite temperature are
                      incorporated in the simulation by coupling the qubit system
                      to a bath of two-level systems. It is shown that an
                      environment modeled as noninteracting two-level systems
                      coupled to the qubits can produce data which matches the
                      experimental data much better than the simulation data of
                      the qubits without coupling to an environment and better
                      than data obtained from a simulation of an environment
                      modeled as interacting two-level systems coupling to the
                      qubits.},
      cin          = {JSC / JARA-HPC},
      ddc          = {530},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)JSC-20090406 / $I:(DE-82)080012_20140620$},
      pnm          = {511 - Computational Science and Mathematical Methods
                      (POF3-511) / PhD no Grant - Doktorand ohne besondere
                      Förderung (PHD-NO-GRANT-20170405) / Manipulation and
                      dynamics of quantum spin systems $(jjsc09_20190501)$},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-511 / G:(DE-Juel1)PHD-NO-GRANT-20170405 /
                      $G:(DE-Juel1)jjsc09_20190501$},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000508443000005},
      doi          = {10.1103/PhysRevA.101.012327},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/885866},
}