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@ARTICLE{Andreasen:885999,
      author       = {Andreasen, Mie and Jensen, Karsten H. and Bogena, Heye and
                      Desilets, Darin and Zreda, Marek and Looms, Majken C.},
      title        = {{C}osmic {R}ay {N}eutron {S}oil {M}oisture {E}stimation
                      {U}sing {P}hysically {B}ased {S}ite‐{S}pecific
                      {C}onversion {F}unctions},
      journal      = {Water resources research},
      volume       = {56},
      number       = {11},
      issn         = {1944-7973},
      address      = {[New York]},
      publisher    = {Wiley},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2020-04221},
      pages        = {20},
      year         = {2020},
      abstract     = {In order to advance the use of the cosmic ray neutrons
                      (CRNs) to map soil moisture in heterogeneous landscapes, we
                      need to develop a methodology that reliably estimates soil
                      moisture without having to collect 100+ soil samples for
                      each point along the survey route. In this study, such an
                      approach is developed using physically based modeling with
                      the numerical MCNP neutron transport code. The objective is
                      to determine site‐specific conversion functions to
                      estimate soil moisture from CRNs for the dominant land
                      covers. Here, we assess this methodology at three field
                      sites with similar mineral soil composition, but different
                      land covers. First, we ensure that the developed models
                      capture the most important differences in neutron transport
                      behavior across sites. For this, we use measured time series
                      and height profiles of thermal and epithermal neutrons.
                      Then, we compare the estimates obtained from the
                      site‐specific conversion functions with the standard
                      N0‐calibration function. Finally, we compare the CRN soil
                      moisture estimates with independent soil moisture estimates.
                      Overall, the site‐specific models are in agreement with
                      the observed trends in neutron intensities. The
                      site‐specific soil moisture is similar to the
                      N0‐estimated soil moisture, which results in comparable
                      statistical measures. We show that various land covers have
                      a significant impact on the amount and soil moisture
                      sensitivity of epithermal neutrons, while the thermal
                      neutrons are affected to a less degree. Thereby,
                      thermal‐to‐epithermal neutron ratios can be used to
                      identify the land cover type and thereby the appropriate
                      conversion function for soil moisture estimation for each
                      point along the survey route.},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {255 - Terrestrial Systems: From Observation to Prediction
                      (POF3-255)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-255},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000595832300021},
      doi          = {10.1029/2019WR026588},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/885999},
}