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@ARTICLE{Fitz:886071,
      author       = {Fitz, Hartmut and Uhlmann, Marvin and van den Broek, Dick
                      and Duarte, Renato and Hagoort, Peter and Petersson, Karl
                      Magnus},
      title        = {{N}euronal spike-rate adaptation supports working memory in
                      language processing},
      journal      = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
                      United States of America},
      volume       = {117},
      number       = {34},
      issn         = {0027-8424},
      address      = {Washington, DC},
      publisher    = {National Acad. of Sciences},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2020-04257},
      pages        = {20881 - 20889},
      year         = {2020},
      abstract     = {Language processing involves the ability to store and
                      integrate pieces of information in working memory over short
                      periods of time. According to the dominant view, information
                      is maintained through sustained, elevated neural activity.
                      Other work has argued that short-term synaptic facilitation
                      can serve as a substrate of memory. Here we propose an
                      account where memory is supported by intrinsic plasticity
                      that downregulates neuronal firing rates. Single neuron
                      responses are dependent on experience, and we show through
                      simulations that these adaptive changes in excitability
                      provide memory on timescales ranging from milliseconds to
                      seconds. On this account, spiking activity writes
                      information into coupled dynamic variables that control
                      adaptation and move at slower timescales than the membrane
                      potential. From these variables, information is continuously
                      read back into the active membrane state for processing.
                      This neuronal memory mechanism does not rely on persistent
                      activity, excitatory feedback, or synaptic plasticity for
                      storage. Instead, information is maintained in adaptive
                      conductances that reduce firing rates and can be accessed
                      directly without cued retrieval. Memory span is
                      systematically related to both the time constant of
                      adaptation and baseline levels of neuronal excitability.
                      Interference effects within memory arise when adaptation is
                      long lasting. We demonstrate that this mechanism is
                      sensitive to context and serial order which makes it
                      suitable for temporal integration in sequence processing
                      within the language domain. We also show that it enables the
                      binding of linguistic features over time within dynamic
                      memory registers. This work provides a step toward a
                      computational neurobiology of language.},
      cin          = {INM-6 / IAS-6 / INM-10},
      ddc          = {500},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)INM-6-20090406 / I:(DE-Juel1)IAS-6-20130828 /
                      I:(DE-Juel1)INM-10-20170113},
      pnm          = {574 - Theory, modelling and simulation (POF3-574)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-574},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:32788365},
      UT           = {WOS:000572347100008},
      doi          = {10.1073/pnas.2000222117},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/886071},
}