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@ARTICLE{Perelman:886096,
      author       = {Perelman, Adi and Lazarovitch, Naftali and Vanderborght,
                      Jan and Pohlmeier, Andreas},
      title        = {{Q}uantitative imaging of sodium concentrations in
                      soil-root systems using magnetic resonance imaging ({MRI})},
      journal      = {Plant and soil},
      volume       = {454},
      number       = {1-2},
      issn         = {1573-5036},
      address      = {Dordrecht [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Springer Science + Business Media B.V},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2020-04264},
      pages        = {171 - 185},
      year         = {2020},
      abstract     = {AimsDemonstrating the potential of MRI as a 3D,
                      non-invasive and continuous measurement technique to map Na+
                      concentration distributions in soil and around
                      roots.MethodsDissolved NaCl in soil and soil-plant systems
                      was mapped by 3D 23Na-MRI. The lower limit of detectability
                      in saturated and unsaturated porous media was evaluated,
                      followed by evaporation experiments to test the
                      quantification. Finally, Na+ enrichment around tomato roots,
                      irrigated with saline solution under low/high transpiration
                      rates (LT, HT), was imaged in parallel to the root
                      system,.ResultsA spin echo pulse sequence allowed the
                      quantitative mapping of the volume concentration of NaCl in
                      sandy porous medium. Evaporation experiments showed slight
                      enrichment in the top surface layer, plus uniform temporal
                      enrichment in the deeper layers. In the tomato experiments,
                      enrichment was more distinct under HT than under LT.
                      Concentration-distance correlation curves revealed thin
                      enrichment zones ranging a few mm around the
                      roots.ConclusionsMRI can map Na+ non-invasively in 3D at
                      relevant concentrations for root activity. Visualizing water
                      content, roots and Na+ on the same scale is possible,
                      despite limitations of different scanning times and
                      resolution. This opens a route for further quantitative
                      investigations of salt enrichment processes in soil and
                      soil-plant systems.},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {580},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {255 - Terrestrial Systems: From Observation to Prediction
                      (POF3-255)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-255},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000552183400001},
      doi          = {10.1007/s11104-020-04628-8},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/886096},
}