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@ARTICLE{Widmann:886102,
      author       = {Widmann, Tobias and Kreuzer, Lucas P. and Mangiapia,
                      Gaetano and Haese, Martin and Frielinghaus, Henrich and
                      Müller-Buschbaum, Peter},
      title        = {3{D} printed spherical environmental chamber for neutron
                      reflectometry and grazing-incidence small-angle neutron
                      scattering experiments},
      journal      = {Review of scientific instruments},
      volume       = {91},
      number       = {11},
      issn         = {1089-7623},
      address      = {[S.l.]},
      publisher    = {American Institute of Physics},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2020-04270},
      pages        = {113903 -},
      year         = {2020},
      abstract     = {In neutron scattering on soft matter, an important concern
                      is the control and stability of environmental conditions
                      surrounding the sample. Complex sample environment setups
                      are often expensive to fabricate or simply not achievable by
                      conventional workshop manufacturing. We make use of
                      state-of-the-art 3D metal-printing technology to realize a
                      sample environment for large sample sizes, optimized for
                      investigations on thin film samples with neutron
                      reflectometry (NR) and grazing-incidence small-angle neutron
                      scattering (GISANS). With the flexibility and freedom of
                      design given by 3D metal-printing, a spherical chamber with
                      fluidic channels inside its walls is printed from an
                      AlSi10Mg powder via selective laser melting (SLM). The thin
                      channels ensure a homogeneous heating of the sample
                      environment from all directions and allow for quick
                      temperature switches in well-equilibrated atmospheres. In
                      order to optimize the channel layout, flow simulations were
                      carried out and verified in temperature switching tests. The
                      spherical, edgeless design aids the prevention of
                      condensation inside the chamber in case of high humidity
                      conditions. The large volume of the sample chamber allows
                      for high flexibility in sample size and geometry. While a
                      small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurement through
                      the chamber walls reveals a strong isotropic scattering
                      signal resulting from the evenly orientated granular
                      structure introduced by SLM, a second SANS measurement
                      through the windows shows no additional background
                      originating from the chamber. Exemplary GISANS and NR
                      measurements in time-of-flight mode are shown to prove that
                      the chamber provides a stable, background free sample
                      environment for the investigation of thin films.},
      cin          = {JCNS-FRM-II / JCNS-1 / MLZ},
      ddc          = {620},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)JCNS-FRM-II-20110218 /
                      I:(DE-Juel1)JCNS-1-20110106 / I:(DE-588b)4597118-3},
      pnm          = {6G4 - Jülich Centre for Neutron Research (JCNS) (POF3-623)
                      / 6G15 - FRM II / MLZ (POF3-6G15)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-6G4 / G:(DE-HGF)POF3-6G15},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-MLZ)KWS1-20140101 / EXP:(DE-MLZ)REFSANS-20140101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:33261451},
      UT           = {WOS:000589669100003},
      doi          = {10.1063/5.0012652},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/886102},
}