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@ARTICLE{Graf:8873,
      author       = {Graf, A. and Schüttemeyer, D. and Geiss, H. and Knaps, A.
                      and Möllmann-Coers, M. and Schween, J.H. and Kollet, S. and
                      Neininger, B. and Herbst, M. and Vereecken, H.},
      title        = {{B}oundedness of turbulent temperature probability
                      distributions, and their relation to the vertical profile in
                      the convective boundary layer},
      journal      = {Boundary layer meteorology},
      volume       = {134},
      issn         = {0006-8314},
      address      = {Dordrecht [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Springer Science + Business Media B.V},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-8873},
      pages        = {459 - 486},
      year         = {2010},
      note         = {We gratefully acknowledge field assistance by Rainer Harms
                      (Julich Research Centre) and Martin Lennefer (Bonn
                      University), financial support by the Helmholtz-funded
                      FLOWatch project and by the Transregional collaborative
                      research centre (SFB/TR) 32 "Patterns in
                      Soil-Vegetation-Atmosphere Systems: Monitoring, Modelling,
                      and Data Assimilation" funded by the Deutsche
                      Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), by the DFG project GR2687/3-1,
                      and valuable comments of two anonymous referees.},
      abstract     = {Higher-order moments, minima and maxima of turbulent
                      temperature and water vapour mixing ratio probability
                      density functions measured with an eddy-covariance system
                      near the ground were related to each other and to vertical
                      boundary-layer profiles of the same scalars obtained through
                      airborne soundings. The dependence of kurtosis on squared
                      skewness showed a kurtosis intercept below the Gaussian
                      expectation, suggesting a compression of the probability
                      density function by the presence of natural boundaries. This
                      hypothesis was corroborated by comparing actual minima and
                      maxima of turbulent fluctuations to estimates obtained from
                      the first four sample moments by fitting a four-parameter
                      beta distribution. The most sharply defined boundaries were
                      found for the minima of temperature datasets during the day,
                      indicating that negative temperature fluctuations at the
                      sensor are limited by the availability of lower temperatures
                      in the boundary layer. By comparison to vertical profiles,
                      it could be verified that the turbulent minimum of
                      temperature near the ground is close to the minimum of
                      potential temperature in the boundary layer. The turbulent
                      minimum of water vapour mixing ratio was found to be equal
                      to the mixing ratio at a height above the minimum of the
                      temperature profile. This height roughly agrees with the top
                      of the non-local unstable domain according to bulk
                      Richardson number profiles. We conclude that turbulence
                      statistics measured near the surface cannot be solely
                      explained by local effects, but contain information about
                      the whole boundary layer including the entrainment zone.},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {ICG-2 / ICG-4 / S},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB791 / I:(DE-Juel1)VDB793 /
                      I:(DE-Juel1)VDB224},
      pnm          = {Atmosphäre und Klima},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK406},
      shelfmark    = {Meteorology $\&$ Atmospheric Sciences},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000274013600005},
      doi          = {10.1007/s10546-009-9444-9},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/8873},
}