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@ARTICLE{Batelis:887702,
      author       = {Batelis, Stamatis‐Christos and Rahman, Mostaquimur and
                      Kollet, Stefan and Woods, Ross and Rosolem, Rafael},
      title        = {{T}owards the representation of groundwater in the {J}oint
                      {UK} {L}and {E}nvironment {S}imulator},
      journal      = {Hydrological processes},
      volume       = {34},
      number       = {13},
      issn         = {1099-1085},
      address      = {New York, NY},
      publisher    = {Wiley},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2020-04359},
      pages        = {2843 - 2863},
      year         = {2020},
      abstract     = {Groundwater is an important component of the hydrological
                      cycle with significant interactions with soil hydrological
                      processes. Recent studies have demonstrated that
                      incorporating groundwater hydrology in land surface models
                      (LSMs) considerably improves the prediction of the
                      partitioning of water components (e.g., runoff and
                      evapotranspiration) at the land surface. However, the Joint
                      UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES), an LSM developed in
                      the United Kingdom, does not yet have an explicit
                      representation of groundwater. We propose an implementation
                      of a simplified groundwater flow boundary parameterization
                      (JULES‐GFB), which replaces the original free drainage
                      assumption in the default model (JULES‐FD). We tested the
                      two approaches under a controlled environment for various
                      soil types using two synthetic experiments: (1)
                      single‐column and (2) tilted‐V catchment, using a
                      three‐dimensional (3‐D) hydrological model (ParFlow) as
                      a benchmark for JULES’ performance. In addition, we
                      applied our new JULES‐GFB model to a regional domain in
                      the UK, where groundwater is the key element for runoff
                      generation. In the single‐column infiltration experiment,
                      JULES‐GFB showed improved soil moisture dynamics in
                      comparison with JULES‐FD, for almost all soil types
                      (except coarse soils) under a variety of initial water table
                      depths. In the tilted‐V catchment experiment, JULES‐GFB
                      successfully represented the dynamics and the magnitude of
                      saturated and unsaturated storage against the benchmark. The
                      lateral water flow produced by JULES‐GFB was about $50\%$
                      of what was produced by the benchmark, while JULES‐FD
                      completely ignores this process. In the regional domain
                      application, the Kling‐Gupta efficiency (KGE) for the
                      total runoff simulation showed an average improvement from
                      0.25 for JULES‐FD to 0.75 for JULES‐GFB. The mean bias
                      of actual evapotranspiration relative to the Global Land
                      Evaporation Amsterdam Model (GLEAM) product was improved
                      from −0.22 to −0.01 mm day−1. Our new JULES‐GFB
                      implementation provides an opportunity to better understand
                      the interactions between the subsurface and land surface
                      processes that are dominated by groundwater hydrology.},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {255 - Terrestrial Systems: From Observation to Prediction
                      (POF3-255)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-255},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000526174200001},
      doi          = {10.1002/hyp.13767},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/887702},
}