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@ARTICLE{Kuffour:887703,
      author       = {Kuffour, Benjamin N. O. and Engdahl, Nicholas B. and
                      Woodward, Carol S. and Condon, Laura E. and Kollet, Stefan
                      and Maxwell, Reed M.},
      title        = {{S}imulating coupled surface–subsurface flows with
                      {P}ar{F}low v3.5.0: capabilities, applications, and ongoing
                      development of an open-source, massively parallel,
                      integrated hydrologic model},
      journal      = {Geoscientific model development},
      volume       = {13},
      number       = {3},
      issn         = {1991-9603},
      address      = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
      publisher    = {Copernicus},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2020-04360},
      pages        = {1373 - 1397},
      year         = {2020},
      abstract     = {Surface flow and subsurface flow constitute a naturally
                      linked hydrologic continuum that has not traditionally been
                      simulated in an integrated fashion. Recognizing the
                      interactions between these systems has encouraged the
                      development of integrated hydrologic models (IHMs) capable
                      of treating surface and subsurface systems as a single
                      integrated resource. IHMs are dynamically evolving with
                      improvements in technology, and the extent of their current
                      capabilities are often only known to the developers and not
                      general users. This article provides an overview of the core
                      functionality, capability, applications, and ongoing
                      development of one open-source IHM, ParFlow. ParFlow is a
                      parallel, integrated, hydrologic model that simulates
                      surface and subsurface flows. ParFlow solves the Richards
                      equation for three-dimensional variably saturated
                      groundwater flow and the two-dimensional kinematic wave
                      approximation of the shallow water equations for overland
                      flow. The model employs a conservative centered
                      finite-difference scheme and a conservative finite-volume
                      method for subsurface flow and transport, respectively.
                      ParFlow uses multigrid-preconditioned Krylov and
                      Newton–Krylov methods to solve the linear and nonlinear
                      systems within each time step of the flow simulations. The
                      code has demonstrated very efficient parallel solution
                      capabilities. ParFlow has been coupled to geochemical
                      reaction, land surface (e.g., the Common Land Model), and
                      atmospheric models to study the interactions among the
                      subsurface, land surface, and atmosphere systems across
                      different spatial scales. This overview focuses on the
                      current capabilities of the code, the core simulation
                      engine, and the primary couplings of the subsurface model to
                      other codes, taking a high-level perspective.},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {255 - Terrestrial Systems: From Observation to Prediction
                      (POF3-255)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-255},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000521639500001},
      doi          = {10.5194/gmd-13-1373-2020},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/887703},
}