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@ARTICLE{Pawar:887737,
      author       = {Pawar, Nikhil Dilip and Heinrichs, Heidi and Heuser,
                      Philipp and Ryberg, Severin David and Robinius, Martin and
                      Stolten, Detlef},
      title        = {{P}otential of {G}reen {A}mmonia {P}roduction in {I}ndia},
      journal      = {International journal of hydrogen energy},
      volume       = {46},
      number       = {54},
      issn         = {0360-3199},
      address      = {New York, NY [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2020-04394},
      pages        = {27247-27267},
      year         = {2021},
      abstract     = {The threat of climate change is forcing the world to
                      decarbonize all economic sectors. Ammonia primarily used for
                      fertilizer production and a potential, ‘hydrogen
                      carrier’ currently accounts for $~27\%$ of global hydrogen
                      consumption and $~1\%$ of global greenhouse gas emissions.
                      In this analysis, we assess the techno-economic potential of
                      ammonia production using onshore wind, open-field
                      photovoltaic and batteries for both domestic usage and
                      export scenarios in India, which is currently one of the
                      world's largest producer and importer of ammonia. Our
                      results reveal that India's potential can comfortably
                      satisfy global ammonia demand with lowest ammonia costs of
                      723 EUR/tNH3 and 765 EUR/tNH3 for the domestic and export
                      scenario, respectively. To compete with conventional ammonia
                      production a carbon tax of 224–335 €/tCO2 would be
                      required. Finally, costs of shipping liquid hydrogen and the
                      ‘hydrogen carrier’ ammonia are similar here giving other
                      economic, environmental and safety factors higher
                      relevance.},
      cin          = {IEK-3},
      ddc          = {620},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-3-20101013},
      pnm          = {1111 - Effective System Transformation Pathways (POF4-111)
                      / 1112 - Societally Feasible Transformation Pathways
                      (POF4-111)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1111 / G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1112},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000679997300001},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.05.203},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/887737},
}