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@ARTICLE{Xu:887744,
      author       = {Xu, Qiancheng and Chraibi, Mohcine},
      title        = {{O}n the {E}ffectiveness of the {M}easures in
                      {S}upermarkets for {R}educing {C}ontact among {C}ustomers
                      during {COVID}-19 {P}eriod},
      journal      = {Sustainability},
      volume       = {12},
      number       = {22},
      issn         = {2071-1050},
      address      = {Basel},
      publisher    = {MDPI},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2020-04401},
      pages        = {9385},
      year         = {2020},
      abstract     = {The spread of the COVID-19 virus had a huge impact on human
                      life on the global scale.Many control measures devoted to
                      decrease contact among people have been adopted to slow down
                      the transmission of the disease.A series of measures have
                      been taken in supermarkets, which include restricting the
                      number of customers, keeping social distance, and entering
                      with a shopping cart.In this work, we investigate with
                      numerical simulations the effectiveness of these measures in
                      reducing the contact among customers.Several scenarios with
                      different control measures are designed for numerical
                      analysis.The movements of customers in a supermarket are
                      simulated by a microscopic model for pedestrian
                      dynamics.Moreover, an index based on the distance between
                      customers is defined to measure the degree of contact and
                      therefore evaluate it quantitatively.The effect of these
                      measures on the average contact degree of each customer is
                      explored, and the spatial distribution of the contact among
                      customers in the supermarket is shown in a qualitative
                      way.Simulation results show that except shopping cart
                      measure, the other two measures are effective in reducing
                      contact among customers.},
      cin          = {IAS-7},
      ddc          = {690},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IAS-7-20180321},
      pnm          = {511 - Computational Science and Mathematical Methods
                      (POF3-511)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-511},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000594627500001},
      doi          = {10.3390/su12229385},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/887744},
}