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@ARTICLE{Vayyala:887782,
      author       = {Vayyala, Ashok and Povstugar, Ivan and Naumenko, Dmitry and
                      Quadakkers, Willem J. and Hattendorf, Heike and Mayer,
                      Joachim},
      title        = {{A} {N}anoscale {S}tudy of {T}hermally {G}rown {C}hromia on
                      {H}igh-{C}r {F}erritic {S}teels and {A}ssociated {O}xidation
                      {M}echanisms},
      journal      = {Journal of the Electrochemical Society},
      volume       = {167},
      number       = {6},
      issn         = {0013-4651},
      address      = {Bristol},
      publisher    = {IOP Publishing},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2020-04419},
      pages        = {061502},
      year         = {2020},
      abstract     = {Fe-22Cr-0.5Mn based ferritic steels are used as
                      interconnect materials for solid oxide fuel/electrolysis
                      cells. Four steel samples, including the commercial steel
                      Crofer 22 H, were oxidized at 800 °C in a model
                      $Ar-4\%H2-4\%H2O$ atmosphere simulating the fuel side of the
                      cells and investigated by atom probe tomography (APT) in
                      conjunction with electron microscopy and thermogravimetry.
                      All steels form an oxide scale mainly consisting of MnCr2O4
                      spinel on top of Cr2O3. APT revealed segregation of minor
                      alloying constituents (Nb and Ti) to chromia grain
                      boundaries and highlighted their effect on mass transport
                      through the chromia scale. Relationships between segregation
                      activity of individual elements (in terms of Gibbsian
                      interfacial excess), oxide scale microstructure and alloy
                      oxidation rate have been established based on the APT
                      results. Comparison of segregation activities revealed that
                      vacancies formation due to Wagner-Hauffe doping with
                      aliovalent Ti and Nb impurities cannot be solely responsible
                      for faster oxidation, assuming alteration of the grain
                      boundary structure and associated changes of their mass
                      transport properties. Controlled Si addition to the alloy
                      (about 0.4 $at\%)$ suppresses the detrimental effect of Nb
                      on the oxidation resistance but results in formation of a
                      thin, although still discontinuous, SiO2 layer at the
                      metal-oxide interface. © 2020 The Author(s). Published on
                      behalf of The Electrochemical Society by IOP Publishing
                      Limited.},
      cin          = {ZEA-3 / IEK-2 / ER-C-2},
      ddc          = {660},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)ZEA-3-20090406 / I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-2-20101013 /
                      I:(DE-Juel1)ER-C-2-20170209},
      pnm          = {113 - Methods and Concepts for Material Development
                      (POF3-113) / HITEC - Helmholtz Interdisciplinary Doctoral
                      Training in Energy and Climate Research (HITEC)
                      (HITEC-20170406)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-113 / G:(DE-Juel1)HITEC-20170406},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000521492700001},
      doi          = {10.1149/1945-7111/ab7d2e},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/887782},
}