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@ARTICLE{Leonard:887857,
      author       = {Leonard, kwati and Deibert, Wendelin and Ivanova, Mariya E.
                      and Meulenberg, Wilhelm A. and Ishihara, Tatsumi and
                      Matsumoto, Hiroshige},
      title        = {{P}rocessing {C}eramic {P}roton {C}onductor {M}embranes for
                      {U}se in {S}team {E}lectrolysis},
      journal      = {Membranes},
      volume       = {10},
      number       = {11},
      issn         = {2077-0375},
      address      = {Basel},
      publisher    = {MDPI},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2020-04483},
      pages        = {339},
      year         = {2020},
      abstract     = {Steam electrolysis constitutes a prospective technology for
                      industrial-scale hydrogen production. The use of ceramic
                      proton-conducting electrolytes is a beneficial option for
                      lowering the operating temperature. However, a significant
                      challenge with this type of electrolyte has been upscaling
                      robust planar type devices. The fabrication of such
                      multi-layered devices, usually via a tape casting process,
                      requires careful control of individual layers’ shrinkages
                      to prevent warping and cracks during sintering. The present
                      work highlights the successful processing of 50 × 50
                      mm2 planar electrode-supported barium cerium yttrium
                      zirconate BaZr0.44Ce0.36Y0.2O2.9 (BZCY(54)8/92) half cells
                      via a sequential tape casting approach. The sintering
                      parameters of the half-cells were analyzed and adjusted to
                      obtain defect-free half-cells with diminished warping.
                      Suitably dense and gas-tight electrolyte layers are obtained
                      after co-sintering at 1350 °C for 5 h. We then assembled an
                      electrolysis cell using Ba0.5La0.5CoO3−δ as the steam
                      electrode, screen printed on the electrolyte layer, and
                      fired at 800 °C. A typical
                      Ba0.5La0.5CoO3−δ|BaZr0.44Ce0.36Y0.2O3−δ(15
                      μm)|NiO-SrZr0.5Ce0.4Y0.1O3−δ cell at 600 °C with $80\%$
                      steam in the anode compartment reached reproducible terminal
                      voltages of 1.4 V @ 500 mA·cm−2, achieving $~84\%$
                      Faradaic efficiency. Besides electrochemical
                      characterization, the morphology and microstructure of the
                      layered half-cells were analyzed by a combination of
                      high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron
                      microscopy (HAADF-STEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray
                      spectroscopy. Our results also provide a feasible approach
                      for realizing the low-cost fabrication of large-sized
                      protonic ceramic conducting electrolysis cells (PCECs)},
      cin          = {IEK-1},
      ddc          = {570},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-1-20101013},
      pnm          = {113 - Methods and Concepts for Material Development
                      (POF3-113)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-113},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {33198304},
      UT           = {WOS:000593250700001},
      doi          = {10.3390/membranes10110339},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/887857},
}