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@ARTICLE{Binder:887914,
      author       = {Binder, Ellen and Leimbach, Martha and Pool, Eva-Maria and
                      Volz, Lukas J. and Eickhoff, Simon B. and Fink, Gereon R.
                      and Grefkes, Christian},
      title        = {{C}ortical reorganization after motor stroke: {A} pilot
                      study on differences between the upper and lower limbs},
      journal      = {Human brain mapping},
      volume       = {42},
      number       = {4},
      issn         = {1097-0193},
      address      = {New York, NY},
      publisher    = {Wiley-Liss},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2020-04516},
      pages        = {1013-1033},
      year         = {2021},
      note         = {The authors would like to thank their volunteers and Dr
                      Marc Tittgemeyer together with the MR staff for their
                      support. E. B. was funded by the Medical Faculty, University
                      of Cologne (3615/0129/31). L. J. V. was supported by the
                      SAGE Center for the Study of the Mind and Brain at the
                      University of California, Santa Barbara. C. G. was supported
                      by grants from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, GR
                      3285/2‐1; GR3285/5‐1KFO219‐TP8). The study was
                      additionally supported by the University of Cologne Emerging
                      Groups Initiative (CONNECT Group, C. G., G. R. F.)
                      implemented into the Institutional Strategy of the
                      University of Cologne and the German Excellence Initiative.
                      S. B. E. was supported by the Deutsche
                      Forschungsgemeinschaft (EI 816/4‐1, LA 3071/3‐1, EI
                      816/6‐1); the National Institute of Mental Health
                      (R01‐MH074457); the Helmholtz Portfolio Theme
                      “Supercomputing and Modeling for the Human Brain;” and
                      the European Union Seventh Framework Programme
                      (FP7/2007–2013) under grant agreement No. 604102 (Human
                      Brain Project). G. R. F. gratefully acknowledges additional
                      support from the Marga und Walter Boll‐Stiftung. Open
                      access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.
                      [Correction added on November 26, 2020 , after first online
                      publication: Projekt Deal funding statement has been
                      added.]},
      abstract     = {Stroke patients suffering from hemiparesis may show
                      substantial recovery in the first months poststroke due to
                      neural reorganization. While reorganization driving
                      improvement of upper hand motor function has been frequently
                      investigated, much less is known about the changes
                      underlying recovery of lower limb function. We, therefore,
                      investigated neural network dynamics giving rise to
                      movements of both the hands and feet in 12 well-recovered
                      left-hemispheric chronic stroke patients and 12 healthy
                      participants using a functional magnetic resonance imaging
                      sparse sampling design and dynamic causal modeling (DCM). We
                      found that the level of neural activity underlying movements
                      of the affected right hand and foot positively correlated
                      with residual motor impairment, in both ipsilesional and
                      contralesional premotor as well as left primary motor (M1)
                      regions. Furthermore, M1 representations of the affected
                      limb showed significantly stronger increase in BOLD activity
                      compared to healthy controls and compared to the respective
                      other limb. DCM revealed reduced endogenous connectivity of
                      M1 of both limbs in patients compared to controls. However,
                      when testing for the specific effect of movement on
                      interregional connectivity, interhemispheric inhibition of
                      the contralesional M1 during movements of the affected hand
                      was not detected in patients whereas no differences in
                      condition-dependent connectivity were found for foot
                      movements compared to controls. In contrast, both groups
                      featured positive interhemispheric M1 coupling, that is,
                      facilitation of neural activity, mediating movements of the
                      affected foot. These exploratory findings help to explain
                      why functional recovery of the upper and lower limbs often
                      develops differently after stroke, supporting limb-specific
                      rehabilitative strategies.Keywords: dynamic causal modeling;
                      effective connectivity; fMRI; interhemispheric inhibition;
                      motor recovery; plasticity; rehabilitation.},
      cin          = {INM-7 / INM-3},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)INM-7-20090406 / I:(DE-Juel1)INM-3-20090406},
      pnm          = {5252 - Brain Dysfunction and Plasticity (POF4-525) / HBP -
                      The Human Brain Project (604102) / SMHB - Supercomputing and
                      Modelling for the Human Brain (HGF-SMHB-2013-2017)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5252 / G:(EU-Grant)604102 /
                      G:(DE-Juel1)HGF-SMHB-2013-2017},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {33165996},
      UT           = {WOS:000587466600001},
      doi          = {10.1002/hbm.25275},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/887914},
}