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@ARTICLE{Hindley:887975,
      author       = {Hindley, N. P. and Wright, C. J. and Hoffmann, L. and
                      Moffat‐Griffin, T. and Mitchell, N. J.},
      title        = {{A}n 18‐year climatology of directional stratospheric
                      gravity wave momentum flux from 3‐{D} satellite
                      observations},
      journal      = {Geophysical research letters},
      volume       = {47},
      number       = {22},
      issn         = {1944-8007},
      address      = {Hoboken, NJ},
      publisher    = {Wiley},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2020-04561},
      pages        = {e2020GL089557},
      year         = {2020},
      abstract     = {Atmospheric gravity waves (GWs) are key drivers of the
                      atmospheric circulation, but their representation in general
                      circulation models (GCMs) is challenging, leading to
                      significant biases in middle atmospheric circulations.
                      Unresolved GW momentum transport in GCMs must be
                      parameterized, but global directional GW observations are
                      needed to constrain this. Here we present an 18‐year
                      climatology of directional stratospheric GW momentum flux
                      (GWMF) from global AIRS/Aqua 3‐D satellite observations
                      during 2002 to 2019. Striking hemispheric asymmetries are
                      found at high latitudes, including dramatic reductions and
                      reversals of GWMF during sudden stratospheric warmings.
                      During Southern Hemisphere winter, a lateral convergence of
                      GWMF toward 60°S is found that has no Northern Hemisphere
                      counterpart. In the tropics, we find that zonal GWMF in AIRS
                      measurements is strongly modulated by the semiannual
                      oscillation (SAO) but not the quasi‐biennial oscillation
                      (QBO). Our results provide guidance for future GW
                      parameterizations needed to resolve long‐standing biases
                      in GCMs.},
      cin          = {JSC},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)JSC-20090406},
      pnm          = {511 - Computational Science and Mathematical Methods
                      (POF3-511)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-511},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000595819700077},
      doi          = {10.1029/2020GL089557},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/887975},
}