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@ARTICLE{Moraes:888036,
      author       = {Moraes, Moacir Tuzzin de and Debiasi, Henrique and
                      Franchini, Julio Cezar and Mastroberti, Alexandra Antunes
                      and Levien, Renato and Leitner, Daniel and Schnepf, Andrea},
      title        = {{S}oil compaction impacts soybean root growth in an
                      {O}xisol from subtropical {B}razil},
      journal      = {Soil $\&$ tillage research},
      volume       = {200},
      issn         = {0167-1987},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2020-04614},
      pages        = {104611 -},
      year         = {2020},
      abstract     = {Soil mechanical impedance, hypoxia and water stress are the
                      main soil physical causes of reduced root growth, but they
                      are rarely included in root growth models. The aim of this
                      work was to study the impact of soil compaction on soybean
                      root growth in an Oxisol using extensive field data as well
                      as a mechanistic model that is sensitive to soil physical
                      conditions. Soybean was cultivated under field conditions in
                      a Rhodic Eutrodox in four treatments. The treatments
                      consisted of three soil compaction levels (no-tillage
                      system, areas trafficked by a tractor, and trafficked by a
                      harvester) and soil chiselling management (performed in an
                      area previously cultivated under no-tillage). Soil
                      structural properties (soil penetration resistance, bulk
                      density, total porosity, macroporosity and microporosity),
                      root system parameters (root length density, root dry mass
                      and root anatomy) and crop production components (grain
                      yield, shoot dry biomass) were determined for the four
                      treatments down to 50 cm soil depth. A mechanistic model,
                      sensitive to mechanical and hydric stresses, was applied to
                      simulate soybean root growth. The model was able to simulate
                      the interaction between the soil physical conditions and
                      soybean root growth. Soil compaction differentiated vertical
                      root distribution according to a stress reduction function
                      impeding root elongation. Consequently, root growth was
                      influenced by soil physical conditions during the cropping
                      season, and simulated root length density showed strong
                      agreement to measured data. Soybean grain yield was reduced
                      due to both compaction (caused by harvester traffic) and
                      excessive loosening (promoted by chiselling) relative to the
                      no-tillage system. Soil physical attributes (i.e., soil bulk
                      density, penetration resistance, macroporosity and
                      microporosity) were only weakly correlated with grain yield
                      and root growth. This may be due to the fact that those soil
                      physical attributes are static properties that do not
                      represent the dynamics of mechanical and hydric stresses
                      during the growing season. Soil compaction changed the
                      anatomy, shape and size of roots. Moreover, cortex cells
                      were deformed in the secondary root growth stage. In the
                      compacted soil, mechanical impedance had a major effect on
                      root growth, while in the loose soil, the matric potential
                      (water stress) represented the major soil physical
                      limitation to root growth. Soil chiselling increased the
                      root length density, but it reduced the grain yields due
                      water stress. The study showed that soybean root growth was
                      successfully modelled with respect to soil physical
                      conditions (mechanical impedance, hypoxia and water stress)
                      for different compaction levels of a Rhodic Eutrudox.},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {640},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {255 - Terrestrial Systems: From Observation to Prediction
                      (POF3-255) / DFG project 390732324 - EXC 2070: PhenoRob -
                      Robotik und Phänotypisierung für Nachhaltige
                      Nutzpflanzenproduktion},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-255 / G:(GEPRIS)390732324},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000528029900008},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.still.2020.104611},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/888036},
}