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@ARTICLE{Meixner:888236,
      author       = {Meixner, Marco and Tomasella, Martina and Foerst, Petra and
                      Windt, Carel W.},
      title        = {{A} small‐scale {MRI} scanner and complementary imaging
                      method to visualize and quantify xylem embolism formation},
      journal      = {The new phytologist},
      volume       = {226},
      number       = {5},
      issn         = {1469-8137},
      address      = {Oxford [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Wiley-Blackwell},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2020-04785},
      pages        = {1517 - 1529},
      year         = {2020},
      abstract     = {Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a useful tool to image
                      xylem embolism formation in plants. MRI scanners configured
                      to accept intact plants are rare and expensive. Here, we
                      investigate if affordable small-scale, custom-built
                      low-field MRI scanners would suffice for the purpose. * A
                      small-scale, C-shaped permanent magnet was paired with open,
                      plane parallel imaging gradients. The setup was small enough
                      to fit between leaves or branches and offered open access
                      for plant stems of arbitrary length. To counter the two main
                      drawbacks of the system, low signal to noise and reduced
                      magnetic field homogeneity, a multi-spin echo (MSE) pulse
                      sequence was implemented, allowing efficient signal
                      acquisition and quantitative imaging of water content and T2
                      signal relaxation. * The system was tested visualizing
                      embolism formation in Fagus sylvatica during bench
                      dehydration. High-quality images of water content and T2
                      were readily obtained, which could be utilized to detect the
                      cavitation of vessels smaller than could be spatially
                      resolved. A multiplication of both map types yielded images
                      in which filled xylem appeared with even greater contrast. *
                      T2 imaging with small-scale MRI devices allows
                      straightforward visualization of the spatial and temporal
                      dynamics of embolism formation and the derivation of
                      vulnerability curves.},
      cin          = {IBG-2},
      ddc          = {580},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-2-20101118},
      pnm          = {582 - Plant Science (POF3-582)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-582},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {31958150},
      UT           = {WOS:000517614900001},
      doi          = {10.1111/nph.16442},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/888236},
}