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@ARTICLE{Emanuel:888493,
      author       = {Emanuel, Marc D. and Cherstvy, Andrey G. and Metzler, Ralf
                      and Gompper, Gerhard},
      title        = {{B}uckling transitions and soft-phase invasion of
                      two-component icosahedral shells},
      journal      = {Physical review / E},
      volume       = {102},
      number       = {6},
      issn         = {2470-0045},
      address      = {Woodbury, NY},
      publisher    = {Inst.},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2020-04957},
      pages        = {062104},
      year         = {2020},
      abstract     = {What is the optimal distribution of two types of
                      crystalline phases on the surface of icosahedral shells,
                      such as of many viral capsids? We here investigate the
                      distribution of a thin layer of soft material on a
                      crystalline convex icosahedral shell. We demonstrate how the
                      shapes of spherical viruses can be understood from the
                      perspective of elasticity theory of thin two-component
                      shells. We develop a theory of shape transformations of an
                      icosahedral shell upon addition of a softer, but still
                      crystalline, material onto its surface. We show how the soft
                      component “invades” the regions with the highest elastic
                      energy and stress imposed by the 12 topological defects on
                      the surface. We explore the phase diagram as a function of
                      the surface fraction of the soft material, the shell size,
                      and the incommensurability of the elastic moduli of the
                      rigid and soft phases. We find that, as expected,
                      progressive filling of the rigid shell by the soft phase
                      starts from the most deformed regions of the icosahedron.
                      With a progressively increasing soft-phase coverage, the
                      spherical segments of domes are filled first (12 vertices of
                      the shell), then the cylindrical segments connecting the
                      domes (30 edges) are invaded, and, ultimately, the 20 flat
                      faces of the icosahedral shell tend to be occupied by the
                      soft material. We present a detailed theoretical
                      investigation of the first two stages of this invasion
                      process and develop a model of morphological changes of the
                      cone structure that permits noncircular cross sections. In
                      conclusion, we discuss the biological relevance of some
                      structures predicted from our calculations, in particular
                      for the shape of viral capsids.},
      cin          = {IBI-5},
      ddc          = {530},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBI-5-20200312},
      pnm          = {552 - Engineering Cell Function (POF3-552)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-552},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000595699900002},
      doi          = {10.1103/PhysRevE.102.062104},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/888493},
}