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@ARTICLE{Klauck:888528,
      author       = {Klauck, M. and Reinecke, E.-A. and Allelein, H.-J.},
      title        = {{E}ffect of par deactivation by carbon monoxide in the late
                      phase of a severe accident},
      journal      = {Annals of nuclear energy},
      volume       = {151},
      issn         = {0306-4549},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2020-04992},
      pages        = {107887 -},
      year         = {2021},
      abstract     = {Passive auto-catalytic recombiners (PARs) are installed
                      inside the containments of water-cooled reactors worldwide
                      in order to mitigate the risk of hydrogen explosions in the
                      course of an accident. After failure of the reactor pressure
                      vessel (ex-vessel phase of a severe accident), the gas
                      mixture released during the molten core-concrete interaction
                      (MCCI) includes the flammable components hydrogen and carbon
                      monoxide. Carbon monoxide is well-known as potential
                      catalyst poison due to its strong adsorption properties
                      which ultimately may prevent hydrogen and oxygen reaching
                      active reaction sites. While high operational temperatures
                      support the additional conversion of carbon monoxide to
                      carbon dioxide inside the recombiner, experiments have
                      revealed that catalyst deactivation by carbon monoxide is
                      possible at lower oxygen concentrations. Based on
                      experimental data, a correlation was derived indicating the
                      catalyst poisoning temperature as a function of the gas
                      composition. After enhancing the in-house REKO-DIREKT code
                      according to the experimental data base, a COCOSYS accident
                      simulation based on a generic accident scenario has been
                      performed. The simulation results predict that the PARs in
                      relevant regions will stop operation approx. 3.4 h after
                      MCCI starts. From that time on, hydrogen and carbon monoxide
                      are released from MCCI without available mitigation measure.
                      As a consequence, the hydrogen concentration reaches
                      significantly higher values at the end of the calculated
                      scenario when compared with calculations without taking into
                      account PAR poisoning. The present study demonstrates that
                      carbon monoxide could significantly affect PAR operation in
                      the course of a severe accident involving MCCI. As a
                      consequence, substantial enhancement on all disciplines –
                      experimental data, PAR models, and accident scenario
                      assessment – is required in order to further detail the
                      present findings.},
      cin          = {IEK-6},
      ddc          = {530},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-6-20101013},
      pnm          = {1422 - Beyond Design Basis Accidents and Emergency
                      Management (POF4-142)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1422},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000595796000019},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.anucene.2020.107887},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/888528},
}