% IMPORTANT: The following is UTF-8 encoded.  This means that in the presence
% of non-ASCII characters, it will not work with BibTeX 0.99 or older.
% Instead, you should use an up-to-date BibTeX implementation like “bibtex8” or
% “biber”.

@ARTICLE{Adcock:888594,
      author       = {Adcock, Karina E. and Fraser, Paul J. and Hall, Brad D. and
                      Langenfelds, Ray L. and Lee, Geoffrey and Montzka, Stephen
                      A. and Oram, David E. and Röckmann, Thomas and Stroh, Fred
                      and Sturges, William T. and Vogel, Bärbel and Laube,
                      Johannes C.},
      title        = {{A}ircraft‐based observations of ozone‐depleting
                      substances in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere
                      in and above the {A}sian summer $monsoon\$},
      journal      = {Journal of geophysical research / D},
      volume       = {126},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {2169-8996},
      address      = {Hoboken, NJ},
      publisher    = {Wiley},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2020-05050},
      pages        = {e2020JD033137},
      year         = {2021},
      abstract     = {Recent studies show that the Asian Summer Monsoon
                      Anticyclone (ASMA) transports emissions from the rapidly
                      industrializing nations in Asia into the tropical upper
                      troposphere. Here we present a unique set of measurements on
                      over 100 air samples collected on multiple flights of the
                      M55 Geophysika high altitude research aircraft over the
                      Mediterranean, Nepal and northern India during the summers
                      of 2016 and 2017 as part of the European Union project
                      StratoClim. These air samples were measured for 27
                      ozone‐depleting substances (ODSs), many of which were
                      enhanced above expected levels, including the chlorinated
                      very short‐lived substances, dichloromethane (CH2Cl2),
                      1,2‐dichloroethane (CH2ClCH2Cl) and chloroform (CHCl3).
                      CH2Cl2 mixing ratios in the tropopause region were 65‐136
                      ppt in comparison to previous estimates of mixing ratios in
                      the tropical tropopause layer of 30‐44 ppt in 2013‐2014.
                      Backward trajectories, calculated with the trajectory module
                      of the chemistry‐transport model CLaMS and driven by the
                      ERA5 reanalysis, indicate possible source regions of CH2Cl2
                      in South Asia. We derived total Equivalent Chlorine (ECl),
                      and Equivalent Effective Stratospheric Chlorine (EESC) and
                      found that these quantities were substantially higher than
                      previous estimates in the literature. EESC at mean
                      age‐of‐air of 3 years based on the 2016 measurements was
                      1861‐1872 ppt in comparison to a previously estimated EESC
                      of 1646 ppt. Our findings show that the ASMA transports
                      larger than expected mixing ratios of long‐lived and very
                      short‐lived ODSs into the upper troposphere and lower
                      stratosphere, likely leading to an impact on the
                      stratospheric ozone layer.},
      cin          = {IEK-7},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-7-20101013},
      pnm          = {2112 - Climate Feedbacks (POF4-211) / STRATOCLIM -
                      Stratospheric and upper tropospheric processes for better
                      climate predictions (603557) / EXC3ITE - EXploring
                      Chemistry, Composition and Circulation in the stratosphere
                      with Innovative TEchnologies (678904)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-2112 / G:(EU-Grant)603557 /
                      G:(EU-Grant)678904},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000616529300006},
      doi          = {10.1029/2020JD033137},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/888594},
}